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【国际锐评】美国在华企业获得高额利润的秘密

2018-07-21 08:46:04    央广网

至于苹果公司和通用汽车,中国不仅成为它们的生产基地,也早已超过美国,成为它们产品的最大消费市场。

其次,为鼓励外国企业到中国欠发达地区中西部地区投资,或者发展某些优先产业,中国地方政府往往对合资企业给予大量的财税、资金、土地等方面的优惠政策。对在华投资的美国公司来说,这些政策、资金支持不仅为它们成功发展提供了重要助推力,也成为获得高额利润的来源。

比如,中国对进入西部、中西部地区的整车合资企业实施15%的企业所得税税率;对重点扶持的高新技术企业,也按15%的税率征收企业所得税。依靠这一政策,美国通用、福特两大汽车巨头通过上汽通用五菱汽车股份有限公司、江铃汽车股份有限公司,享受到巨额的税收优惠政策,它们进口的自用设备不仅享受一定的免征关税待遇,合资企业每年还获得大量地方政府补助,包括财政贴息、研究开发补贴和政策性补贴等等。以江铃汽车股份有限公司为例,2016年、2017年,它就收到地方政府各类补助总额分别达到5.18亿元人民币和6.41亿元人民币,分别占它当年利润总额的35%和84%。

据中国农业农村部农机化司统计,2016年、2017年,美资农业机械企业就得到了来自中国政府的补贴,额度约为6.57亿元、7.45亿元人民币。

中国加入世贸组织之后,大批美国公司进军中国市场,利用中国地方政府为吸引外资给予的超国民待遇,赚取了丰厚的高额利润。早在2010年,中国就超过美国,成为全球第一大汽车市场。对不少美国企业而言,中国简直就是“救命稻草”。比如,美国通用集团在华两家合资企业2017年共实现利润279.9亿元人民币,通用集团从中拿走133.3亿元利润。相对于通用集团在中国市场赚得盆满钵满,这一年,通用集团在全球亏损为109.8亿元人民币。

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