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财经观察:多国企业抱怨美加征关税严重干扰全球供应链和贸易流

2018-07-08 18:21:01    新华网

新华社北京7月8日电 财经观察:多国企业抱怨美加征关税严重干扰全球供应链和贸易流

新华社记者俞懋峰 樊宇

美国6日开始对340亿美元中国产品加征关税,这只是美近期频频加征或考虑加征关税的举动之一,企业界越来越担心美国这种征税行为严重干扰全球供应链和贸易流。

在这340亿美元产品清单中,有约200多亿美元产品是在华外资企业生产的产品,其中,美国企业占有相当比例。“美方措施本质上打击的是全球产业链和价值链。”中国商务部发言人日前表示。

美国智库彼得森国际经济研究所的分析显示,美国从中国进口的将近三分之二商品来自外资参股企业,这可能让美国针对中国的关税举措超出其打击目标范围。摩根士丹利也警告说,全球贸易可能因特朗普政府的关税政策受到严重破坏,因为三分之二的贸易商品与全球价值链相关联。

从钢铝、汽车到其他各类商品,美国的保护主义大棒让越来越多的企业忧心忡忡。英国《金融时报》援引业内人士消息称,宝马、大众、戴姆勒等德国三大车企高管日前共同面见美国驻德国大使理查德·格雷内尔,表示如果美国不对欧盟汽车加税,他们可能联合承诺保持对美投资水平不变。《金融时报》说,这一承诺实际上暗含一个威胁,即如果美国坚持对欧盟汽车加税,三大车企可能撤走在美国的投资。据悉,德国车企在美国开设的工厂约300家,雇员近12万人。

另一汽车巨头沃尔沃汽车公司在美国南卡罗来纳州投产的工厂日前落成,但沃尔沃总裁汉肯·塞缪尔森却担心愈演愈烈的国际贸易摩擦会让新工厂效益难以达到预期。沃尔沃负责制造和物流管理的副总裁哈维尔·瓦雷拉介绍说,新工厂生产所需零件约一半由北美地区提供,另一半则来自欧洲、亚洲等地。工厂生产的汽车一半将由美国市场消化,另一半将销售到全球各地。因此,新工厂从生产到销售环节若要维持较低成本,都依赖自由开放的国际贸易环境。

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