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消灭恐龙的陨石曾导致全球变暖 竟持续了约10万年

2018-05-29 09:01:06   光明网

原标题:消灭恐龙的陨石曾导致全球变暖

新华社北京5月28日电目前科学界认为恐龙灭绝于约6600万年前的一次陨石撞击。新研究发现,这次撞击的烟尘虽然曾使地球短暂变冷,但撞击使大量二氧化碳进入大气,使地球气候在短暂变冷之后又经历了约10万年的变暖。

美国密苏里大学研究人员与突尼斯同行在新一期美国《科学》杂志上发表的报告说,他们通过分析鱼类残骸化石中的氧同位素含量,推断出陨石撞击后海洋水温上升了约5摄氏度,持续了约10万年才回落。

这些化石包括鱼类骨骼、牙齿和鳞片的化石,来自突尼斯西北部地区。它们分布在数米的岩层中,从中可以推断出约25万年的地质史,陨石撞击事件就发生在这期间。

氧元素有多种同位素,在地球上最多的是氧16,还有一些氧18,气候变暖会影响海水中两者的相对比例,这种变化又会反映在海洋生物体内。分析显示,陨石撞击事件后,海水中氧18相对于氧16的含量比例下降了约1%,意味着水温上升了约5摄氏度。

现有理论认为,陨石撞击会引发野火焚烧植被,并使地壳中的碳酸盐分解挥发,导致大量二氧化碳释放到大气中。撞击后几个月至几十年里,烟尘遮蔽阳光使气候变冷,导致生物大量灭绝。而在灰尘沉降之后,二氧化碳的温室效应开始发挥作用,使气候变暖。

此前已有研究证实这次陨石撞击后气候曾短暂变冷,但变暖过程缺乏数据支持。新研究为相关理论提供了证据,有助于深入理解这次撞击对地球气候和生态系统的影响。

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