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国际组织称一些常见鸟类也面临灭绝威胁

2018-04-30 11:50:04    新华网

新华社伦敦4月29日电 国际鸟类联盟日前发布《2018全球鸟类状况报告》称,在全世界已知的约1.1万种鸟类中,40%的鸟类数量正在减少,平均每8种鸟类中就有一种面临灭绝威胁,其中不乏常见种群。

这份最新报告指出,在数量锐减的鸟类中,不仅有珍稀品种,更包括不少常见种群。例如,在欧亚大陆分布范围极广的欧斑鸠,近20年来数量已减少25%。大西洋海雀、非洲灰鹦鹉、北极地区的雪鸮等人们熟悉的鸟类数量也在不断下降。

报告认为,集约型农业成为威胁全球鸟类生存的最主要因素,对1091种濒危鸟类造成了影响。耕地扩张导致鸟类栖息地减少,各种化学制剂的使用污染了鸟类生存环境。

报告举例说,美国一项研究发现,该国常见的白冠麻雀在每年两次迁徙前会通过大量进食增加新陈代谢。但近年来,由于新烟碱类杀虫剂的广泛使用,导致白冠麻雀的体重和体内脂肪含量明显下降,使其迁徙方向及距离都发生了改变。

此外,乱砍滥伐、外来物种入侵、非法捕猎以及人类活动导致的气候变化等,都是造成全球鸟类生存状况堪忧的重要原因。

报告同时肯定了国际环保组织以及各国政府为保护濒危鸟类做出的努力。由于措施得力,巴西红嘴凤冠雉、毛里求斯粉鸽等25种被列入世界自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录的鸟类数量有所回升,灭绝风险级别从“极危”下调到“濒危”。

国际鸟类联盟首席执行官帕特里夏·苏里塔表示,鸟类是分布范围最广的物种之一,几乎遍及所有生态系统,因此鸟类生存状况是衡量全球生态环境健康的重要指标,应引起关注。

总部设在英国的国际鸟类联盟是全球合作性保护组织,关注全球鸟类的现状、生存环境以及对其造成影响的各种问题。

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