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研究发现调控“瘦素”的神经回路

2018-04-21 21:21:09    新华网

新华社华盛顿4月21日电(记者周舟)美国研究人员在新一期英国《自然》杂志上报告说,他们利用基因编辑技术,发现小鼠下丘脑的一个神经回路是调控“瘦素”发挥作用的主要机制。

论文高级作者、美国塔夫茨大学神经科学助理教授孔栋说,这一研究揭示了瘦素的工作原理以及瘦素耐受如何发生,让瘦素成为可用于临床治疗肥胖症和糖尿病的有用成分,为肥胖症和糖尿病的治疗提供了更有效标靶。

瘦素是一种由脂肪细胞分泌的激素,在抑制食欲的同时还能增加能量消耗,从而达到控制体重的效果。瘦素或其受体调节出现异常,会导致食欲亢进和摄食过量、肥胖和2型糖尿病。但此前研究发现,补充瘦素对治疗基本无效,因为多数肥胖个体对瘦素有耐受性。

在这次实验中,研究人员用链脲佐菌素破坏不肥胖成年小鼠的胰岛贝塔细胞,阻断胰岛素和瘦素分泌,同时记录小鼠的神经活动。结果显示,小鼠下丘脑一种叫作“刺鼠色蛋白相关蛋白”神经元的饥饿敏感细胞非常活跃,从而证明瘦素可以抑制这种神经元。

研究人员使用CRISPR基因编辑技术,特异性敲除了年轻成年小鼠这种神经元上的瘦素受体,结果小鼠产生了瘦素耐受性,并出现明显肥胖和糖尿病。

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