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钻石在纳米尺度上有弹性

2018-04-21 11:26:05    新华网

新华社华盛顿4月20日电(记者周舟)钻石是世界上最坚硬的天然材料。但一个国际科研团队发现,钻石在纳米尺度上是有弹性的,可以像橡皮一样弯曲变形还能恢复原状。

相关论文发表在新一期美国《科学》杂志上。这一发现有望应用于数据存储、体内成像设备和药物传递等领域。

研究人员通过化学气相沉积及刻蚀生长出钻石纳米针。结果发现,形状类似于牙刷毛头、但只有几百纳米的钻石“针头”,其弹性拉伸应变可达9%。相比之下,大块的天然金刚石在断裂破坏前的弹性拉伸应变远低于1%。

美国麻省理工学院纳米力学实验室主任、论文共同高级作者道明对新华社记者说,在钻石针的应变极限以内卸载外作用力,变形可完全逆转并恢复原状。

论文共同高级作者、香港城市大学力学和生物医学工程副教授陆洋说,他们使用了一种独一无二的纳米力学方法,可精准控制和量化纳米钻石样品的超大拉伸应变。

参与研究的新加坡南洋理工大学校长苏布拉·苏雷什说:“这项工作显示,在宏观尺度上不可能发生的,在纳米尺度上可以实现。”

钻石在纳米尺度上的弹性拉伸应变有巨大应用潜力。据研究人员介绍,拥有9%弹性拉伸应变的纳米钻石会产生磁场变化,可用激光将数据编码到钻石中存储。利用钻石“氮晶格空位中心”的特性还可提高磁共振成像解析度,用于复杂纳米结构和生物分子的三维成像。此外,可弯曲的钻石还可用于细胞内给药。

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