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美媒:为何中国制造商有巨大的生产优势?

2018-04-04 08:21:04    新华网

  美国《福布斯》4月2日发表题为《熟能生巧:为什么中国的制造商具有生产优势》的文章称,几乎任何产品的制造商都依赖学习:在更好地生产产品的同时降低生产成本。在大规模生产中,学习的好处是显而易见的。如今,背靠巨大市场的中国制造企业正成为这方面的领先者。

如果你去中国,让他们给你报价生产最新的产品,他们的报价最初通常低于做这项工作的成本。这是因为工厂假定他们的成本随着生产更多的产品会沿着学习曲线下降,他们能向你提供远期执行价格,当他们大量生产时就能弥补回来。他们将学习如何更快地组装产品,使用便宜一点的材料,重新谈判从供应商那里购买的零部件的成本——所有这一切都会使他们的成本下降,利润增加。关键是你在购买他们生产的东西,所以在他们学习的过程中你在用现金流支持他们。

这使我在几年前研究中国摩托车市场时获得了一个有趣的观点。1980年代,该产业在重庆起步,当时小车间开始生产外国摩托车零部件的仿制品。很快,其中较大的企业开始收购这些零件来生产完整的摩托车。这些摩托车价格便宜(只有日本进口摩托车的1/8),所以有很大的需求,尤其是中国内陆农村地区的消费者,非常欢迎这样廉价的交通工具。在这个过程中,这些制造商在学习生产更好的摩托车的同时能够创造现金。大量的需求驱使他们沿着学习曲线向下运行并不断地降低成本。对于制造商来说,拥有巨大的国内市场让他们“实践”和更好地生产是一个巨大的优势。拥有巨大的国内市场来实践和卖产品是美国在20世纪时曾经拥有的优势之一,现在成了中国制造商的一个巨大优势。

对于智能手机、众多日用消费品和汽车来说,今天的中国是最大的市场,而且中国还将成为电动汽车的最大市场。这意味着中国的制造商将有很多的实践机会,甚至能帮助他们在电动汽车等市场中建立起全球领导地位。

 

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