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美失去建“无核化世界”兴趣了吗?

2018-01-11 10:00:22    新华网

转变的不只是态度。2017年10月底,美国战略司令部启动了“环球雷霆”战略核力量年度军演,测试美国核武装力量能否保持安全、有效、完备的威慑力。

奥巴马政府时期,美国曾寻求将“防止核扩散和核恐怖主义”置于核政策的关键目标之首。如今,特朗普的种种言行让外界倾向于认为,美国核政策将出现转向,“无核化世界”这一奥氏政治遗产,恐怕又难逃被抛弃的命运。

“核”“常”结合新战略

自特朗普上台以来,“去奥氏遗产”似乎已成为一个“习惯性动作”。

“特朗普政府对美国核战略的调整,是与奥巴马时期主张的‘无核化世界’唱反调。相比民主党的国际主义视角,特朗普所在的共和党在执政理念上更偏保守,更加注重美国本国利益。而特朗普本人作为共和党内的反建制派,一些观点又和共和党的传统理念不完全一样。”中国国际问题研究院亚太所所长刘卿在接受本报记者采访时分析称,因此,特朗普对使用核武器自有一套标准,并对美国核政策进行调整,也在预期之内。

不难看出,降低核武使用门槛的想法与特朗普政府秉持的安全理念一脉相承。上台后,特朗普政府明显继承了里根政府时期“以实力求和平”的衣钵,最大程度利用美国的军事优势,对美国国家安全的潜在威胁对手形成震慑。

正是在这样的理念下,过去一年,美国军费开支大涨。2017年底,特朗普签署了一项总额近7000亿美元的国防授权案,以快速提升美国军力。据悉,这是自阿富汗战争和伊拉克战争以来,美国额度最高的年度军费预算。

《俄罗斯报》网站曾刊文称,特朗普及其亲密战友都在重复“通过武力实现和平”的信条,他给美国政策带来的改变是,武力并非确保全球霸权的方法,但不应限制对它的使用。

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