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民主党“逆袭” 美国会格局或被重塑

2017-12-16 08:21:14   新华网

据美国多家媒体12月13日报道,在12日举行的亚拉巴马州联邦参议员补缺选举中,民主党候选人道格·琼斯获得49.9%的选票,以微弱优势领先共和党候选人罗伊·穆尔的48.4%,极有可能拿下这一被认为是共和党“地盘”的州的国会参议院议席。

分析人士指出,如果琼斯最终胜选,将削弱共和党在参议院对民主党的席位优势。美国国会政治格局或在明年中期选举中被重塑。

  琼斯宣布获胜

琼斯现年63岁,曾任联邦检察官,此前从未竞选过公职。他的对手穆尔曾两度当选亚拉巴马州最高法院首席法官。

统计显示,琼斯在12日的选举中得票数领先穆尔2万多张。12日晚,他在亚拉巴马州最大城市伯明翰宣布胜选。美国总统特朗普在琼斯宣布胜选后通过社交媒体向他表示祝贺,并表示共和党很快将有机会夺回这一席位。

不过,穆尔目前仍拒绝承认败选。据悉,选举结果将于本月26日至明年1月3日期间得到认证。如果两人得票差距不足1%,重新计票程序将自动启动。

如果琼斯最终胜出,他将填补塞申斯被任命为司法部长后在参议院中留下的空缺,任期将持续至2021年年初。这将使共和党在参议院原已相当微弱的过半优势进一步缩小,两党席位对比变为51席比49席。

  民主党的“逆袭”

亚拉巴马州被称为“深红州”(在美国政坛,蓝色和红色分别象征民主党和共和党),多数选民是共和党人。有数据显示,民主党人琼斯能在这样一个州得票领先,非洲裔选民的高投票率是一个关键原因。

在此次选举中,非洲裔选民占投票总人数的29%。竞选期间,琼斯为鼓励他们投票投入了大量资源。民调显示,92%的非洲裔选民投票支持琼斯,这使他在亚拉巴马州多个城市和以非洲裔人口为主的农业镇获得决定性优势。

相比之下,由于曾就同性恋、种族、性别等话题发表争议言论,穆尔长期被视为亚拉巴马州民主党选民阵营的“头号敌人”。他还因为保守派路线而长期招致非议。

初选后,穆尔一直未能展现出扩大其选民阵营的能力。加之在竞选期间又深陷性骚扰丑闻,穆尔不仅进一步失去部分潜在选民,还一度失去共和党全国委员会在募款方面的支持。

美国有线电视新闻网自由撰稿人克里斯·西利扎认为,共和党得到的教训是,即使是在亚拉巴马这样一个保守派主导的州,也不能提名有“严重缺点”的候选人,不能仅仅指望依靠选民的党派立场赢得选举。

  重塑国会格局

分析人士认为,共和党此前在国会推进重大立法议程上已是举步维艰,如果亚拉巴马州联邦参议员席位最终花落民主党,共和党今后或将面临更大阻力。

特朗普政府力推的大规模减税法案虽然在众参两院相继通过,但两个版本存在诸多差异,最终协商一致的减税法案统一版本还要分别提交两院投票。

据美国媒体报道,共和党希望在下周举行税改案投票。由于亚拉巴马州联邦参议员补选的结果无法在本月26日之前得到认证,这一席位目前仍由共和党把持。这意味着此次选举将不会影响共和党税改案的进程。

但有分析认为,即便税改案过关,共和党可能在明年推进涉及党派路线的议案上遭遇更大阻力。

共和党内部分议员过去一年曾多次反对党内议程,共和党在参议院的席位优势如果进一步减少,这些人手中的投票权将变得更加关键。

从民主党的角度看,此次选举增加了该党在明年中期选举中争夺参议院乃至整个国会控制权的希望。不过,民主党要保住这一势头并不容易。

在明年中期选举中,民主党需要重选的参议院席位大大多于共和党,而在众议院,共和党自2010年起就一直保持席位优势。(孙丁)

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