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WTO部长级会议闭幕 “山重水复”之后如何“柳暗花明”?

2017-12-15 08:41:54   中国网

(经济观察)WTO部长级会议闭幕 “山重水复”之后如何“柳暗花明”?

中新社北京12月14日电 (记者李晓喻)世界贸易组织(WTO)第11届部长级会议当地时间13日在阿根廷闭幕。

这是一届各方对谈判成果预期不高的会议,实际情况也确实如此。经过四天谈判,会议在粮食安全公共储备、农业国内支持、农业出口竞争等主要谈判议题上并未取得突破。

用中国商务部副部长王受文的话说,“世贸组织谈判已经走到了一个山重水复的境地”。

之所以谈不下来,很大程度上是因为谈判已进入啃“硬骨头”阶段,涉及各成员国内政策的深层问题,内部阻力不小。

虽说谈判“山重水复”,但依然有路可走。本次会议各方就投资便利化、电子商务、中小微企业等新议题进行了深入讨论,进一步扩大了共识;在渔业补贴上,各方就推进谈判的时间表和加强渔业补贴透明度达成了一致。这些都为未来谈判累积了基础。

与谈判成果相比,更值得关注的是此次会议上中美对WTO的态度“温差”明显,中国越发崭露头角。

美国对WTO效用提出批评。美国贸易代表莱特希泽说,WTO“失去了最主要的焦点”,变成了一个专注诉讼的机构。

中国则对WTO表示坚定支持。本次会议前,中方已牵头先后举办9次非正式对话会议及研讨会,吸引了超过80个WTO成员参加讨论,凝聚共识。

中国还通过南南合作基金支持尼日利亚举办了高层论坛,邀请30个非洲国家的部长和高级别官员参会,了解投资便利化对发展的重要意义,让不少曾经对该议题持反对意见的非洲成员转变了想法。

除花大力气协调各方外,中国还积极发声为WTO辩护。商务部新闻发言人高峰称,“任何事物都不是完美的”,不能因为个别成员的诉求得不到满足就全盘否定WTO。

看法不同,或许缘于视角不同。用中国社科院世界经济与政治研究所副研究员苏庆义的话说,中国一直认为首先需要共同做大贸易“蛋糕”,让更多国家分享经济全球化和自由贸易的好处;但美国新贸易政策却更看重“分蛋糕”,希望更多争取自身利益。

中国这些举动既维护了WTO的声望,也进一步提升了自身在推动经济全球化方面的影响力。

苏庆义说,中国在不同场合、不同时期都明确发声维护多边贸易体制,并尽可能提出推进WTO谈判的中国方案,这是中国加速推进经济全球化的主要表现之一。

“在未来一段时期,‘中国方案’将推动多边贸易体制发展,塑造符合大多数国家利益的经贸规则。”苏庆义说。但他也指出,美国仍是经济全球化的主导力量,中美合作才能为世界谋得更多福利。

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