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德国用地下盐穴建全球最大液流电池取得进展

2017-11-26 17:41:13   新华网

新华社柏林11月26日电(记者 张毅荣)德国能源企业EWE日前宣布,在德国西北部利用地下盐穴建造全球最大液流电池的项目取得进展,研究人员为此开发的一种聚合物已经通过初步测试。

液流电池的蓄电系统一般包含两个储液罐,内装两种不同的电解液。它们之间的连接部分是发电区,两种电解液会在这里隔着一层薄膜进行离子交换,实现电能的储存与释放。储液罐越大,存储的电能越多。

EWE公司与德国耶纳大学合作,计划用德国西北小镇耶姆古姆的地下盐穴作为储液罐。这些盐穴是盐矿开采后留下的矿洞,体积巨大且密封良好,可作为密封储存库,EWE公司目前在耶姆古姆的8个地下盐穴中开展天然气储藏业务。据介绍,两个中型盐穴构成的蓄电系统储存的电量就足够为柏林这样的大城市供电一小时,也就是说这将是世界上最大的电池。

但该项目也面临一些技术问题。比如液流电池中常见的电解液是将金属钒溶于硫酸而成,这种溶液对环境污染较大。EWE公司日前在柏林举行的一个新闻发布会上介绍说,耶纳大学科研人员成功开发出一种聚合物,将其溶于盐水可作为电解液,能够满足环保要求,目前这种聚合物已经通过了初步测试。

项目负责人拉尔夫·里肯贝格说,这说明该项目向制造出全球最大电池的目标迈进了一大步,但仍需要进行更多测试,预计盐穴电池系统会在2023年年底投入运行。

德国目前正在实施能源转型战略,计划到2050年使可再生能源发电比例达到80%,终极目标是用可再生能源替代传统能源。但风能、太阳能等可再生能源的一个问题是在不同天气条件下的发电量不稳定,巨大的电池因此可起到调节作用。

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