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神经学研究揭示为何头痛更难忍耐

2017-11-17 09:46:20   新华网

新华社北京11月17日电 “打人不打脸”可能不只是“面子问题”。美国一项神经学研究发现,相比身体其他各处,颅面部对“伤害性刺激”的耐受力确实更差,这有助于找到更有效治疗头痛的方法。

美国杜克大学研究人员在新一期英国《自然·神经科学》杂志网络版上报告说,颅面部的感觉神经元与大脑情感信号中枢“直接相连”,而身体其他各处神经元与这一信号中枢的连接是间接的,这使得颅面部对疼痛更为“敏感”。

在动物实验中,研究人员用功能性磁共振成像技术扫描小鼠大脑发现,与爪子等身体部位相比,对小鼠面部的“伤害性刺激”能让它大脑中名为“臂旁外侧核”的区域活动增强更为明显,这一区域与大脑的直觉和情感中心直接相连。

研究人员找到了导致“臂旁外侧核”区活动增强的颅面部感觉神经元,发现这些感觉神经元与“臂旁外侧核”区负责疼痛的神经元存在独有的单突触连接。

突触是神经元之间在功能上发生联系的部位,也是信息传递的关键部位。进一步研究发现,通过光遗传手段激活连接颅面部神经元和“臂旁外侧核”区的单突触会诱发动物的逃避行为和压力反应,而抑制它则会降低颅面部疼痛感。

论文第一作者、杜克大学神经生物学和细胞生物学教授王帆在一份声明中说:“医生的一般治疗只针对疼痛感本身,这一研究显示,我们要关注疼痛的情感关联。”

论文共同作者、杜克大学医学中心神经学教授沃尔夫冈·利特克表示,这项研究深化了人们对慢性头痛和面部疼痛的理解,研究成果还有望转化为治疗方法,令患者受益。

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