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外媒揭秘印度“寡妇村”:矽肺阴影笼罩下的当代悲剧

2017-11-14 14:30:59   中国网

阿拉伯半岛电视台11月12日报道称,印度拉贾斯坦邦有一个“寡妇村”,村里寡妇成群,她们的丈夫都在开采砂岩矿的过程中吸入大量粉尘,最终因患上矽肺病而去世。悲剧的背后是时代,是制度,也是人性。

在拉贾斯坦邦的布德普拉村,约有180名寡妇

1.被“诅咒”的村庄

拉达(Radha Bai)和希拉(Hira Bai)乍看并不像斗士,而在9月的一个下午,这两位孱弱的妇人头戴鲜亮莎丽,在印度西边拉贾斯坦邦的本迪地区行政管理办公室外大声疾呼,要求赔偿。她们的身后站着80个寡妇,每个人守寡的原因都一模一样——她们的丈夫死于矽肺。

矽肺是世界上最古老的职业病之一,是一种因为吸入石头、沙子、石英和其他建筑材料中的硅尘引起的呼吸道疾病。这种疾病是致命的,每年有数千人因患上矽肺死亡。这个地区的人们认为矽肺就是这里的“诅咒”。

一份学术合作报告表明,仅在拉贾斯坦邦就有近80万名工人受到矽肺病的影响。而官方数据在这方面是空白。拉贾斯坦邦哥打医学院呼吸内科教授兼矽肺病学委员会主席阿尼尔(Anil Saxena)博士说:“被诊断患有矽肺的矿工平均年龄在35到45岁之间。由此引发的社会并发症比疾病本身更为恶劣。”

拉贾斯坦邦的一处露天采矿场

2.“寡妇村”里的故事

拉达和希拉来自本迪的布德普拉,这里别号“寡妇村”,四周多砂岩矿。本迪和邻近的皮尔瓦拉和哥打是砂岩出口欧洲的重要枢纽。

拉达扳着指头数家里的矽肺病患:她的丈夫、丈夫的两个兄弟、她的大女儿,均已去世。她说,自己可能会是下一个。“我们都是这样死的。只要咳嗽咳出血,就知道自己活不久了。”

布德普拉及周边环境被破坏的很严重。通往村庄的道路崎岖,落入眼底的尽是堆着碎石的灰褐色大岩石。对于村里约五千人来说,周围的砂岩矿是唯一的生计。被诊断患有矽肺后,医生建议拉达不要再去矿上工作,远离尘土,但她不能不去:她还有三个小女儿以及5年前去世的大女儿玛姆塔留下的3个孙女要养活。

玛姆塔从来没有在采石场工作过,但布德普拉的空气中充满了灰尘,不仅影响到在矿山工作的人,还影响到居住在附近的人。拉达说,玛姆塔曾被误诊为肺结核,但真正害死她的是矽肺。疾病拖垮了拉达的身体,让她遭受疾病折磨;她看起来比实际年龄要老。这位55岁的妇女说:“我感觉我只是在苟延残喘,病是治不好了,但是我想活得更久一点,把我的孩子们安顿好。”

希拉今年58岁,两年前,她68岁的丈夫被矽肺夺去了性命,“一开始是咳嗽,他以为自己得的是肺结核。他白天整天工作,晚上整夜喝酒,不久就走了。”她是村里的助产士,这份工作没有任何报酬。她只能带着两个儿子去凿鹅卵石,一块一卢比(约合人民币0.1元)。凿一块大小约为六平方英寸(约0.0039平方米)的鹅卵石大约需要五分钟,过程很艰难,安全健康也没有任何保障。他们做的越多,报酬越高,青壮力每天可以凿100多块。希拉说:“我无法让我的儿子摆脱这份工作。我们别无选择。”

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