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雅加达省长上任就惹种族争议 被疑矛头指向华裔

2017-10-19 08:12:54   

击败华裔钟万学当选印尼首都雅加达特区新任省长的阿尼斯,在宣誓就职后立即陷入巨大争议。16日,他在就职典礼后的演说中向支持者扬言,“该让印尼原住民当家做主了”。这在印尼舆论场上掀起轩然大波,成为这两天网络和媒体讨论的热门话题。在宗教关系紧张和民间排外情绪加剧背景下进行的雅加达省长选举,被印尼媒体称作“史上最分裂的选举”。阿尼斯上任伊始的这番言论,加剧引发种族和宗教紧张的担忧,更被疑是将矛头指向华裔。香港《南华早报》18日援引专家的话说,对华人的持续种族歧视说明印尼建设多元文化进程中遇到困难。

在当选雅加达特区省长之前,阿尼斯曾任教育与文化部长。他在第二轮投票中击败印尼政坛上“双重少数”——华裔且为基督教徒的前省长钟万学。16日,阿尼斯在总统府宣誓就职,并于当晚在雅加达市政厅外对支持者发表演说。他说,“曾经,我们原住民被殖民地统治镇压和打败。民族独立之后,我们当家做主的时刻到了”。印尼“点滴网”称,这番言论令印尼民众哗然。

在印尼,“pribumi(原住民)”一词由荷兰殖民者于1854年创造,用来描述印尼本土人。他们将原住民列于社会分级的底层,位于欧洲人和包括阿拉伯裔、华裔和印度裔在内的非欧洲人之后。印尼《罗盘报》18日援引该国内政部地方自治厅厅长苏马梭诺的说明称,根据1998年的第26号总统令,政府层面已经禁止使用“原住民”和“非原住民”这样的表述。2008年的第40号法令则进一步明确规定消除种族歧视。

“阿尼斯的政治视野就是基于种族歧视。”印尼民间机构SETARA学院17日这样对媒体表态。“点滴网”援引该院院长亨达迪的话说,他原本以为阿尼斯操纵种族和宗教议题只是为打击竞选对手和获得选民支持,但他发现阿尼斯赢得选举后仍在操纵这个议题,这不符合民主和印尼建国五原则。“印尼政治情势”咨询机构执行主任穆达迪则对《罗盘报》表示,在演说中,阿尼斯引用了很多印尼各地谚语,并提到印尼民族争取脱离荷兰殖民统治。他针对的不单是雅加达,而是放眼参加2019年总统大选。

印尼是世界上穆斯林人口最多的国家。台湾“中央社”18日评论说,自从雅加达省长激烈选战以来,该国在包容度方面饱受外界检视。选举期间,前华裔省长钟万学被指亵渎《古兰经》引发严重的宗教对立。有人认为,阿尼斯就职演说中的言论是将矛头指向印尼华裔。这个少数族群在印尼掌控贸易和财富,长久以来招致不满。

在雅加达特区省长选举期间,曾出现各种和中国有关的谣言,反华情绪让当地华裔感到不安。《南华早报》18日称,尽管在1998年排华事件后印尼官方反对种族歧视,但许多印尼华人都制订了一旦再发生反华暴力事件的撤离逃命计划。不少富裕的印尼华人将新加坡作为第二家园,把大量资产配置在那里。印尼专家提辛说,印尼家长往往让在华留学的子女毕业后在中国找工作,不要回来,因为印尼“不安全”。

《南华早报》称,2010年印尼人口普查显示华裔人口仅280万,约占印尼总人口1%强,但各方普遍认为真实华裔人口远高于这个数字。澳大利亚莫纳什大学澳大利亚-印尼中心教授普尔代说,要改变华人对自身处境的不安全感,让华人放心不再制订“B计划”,需要超过一代人的时间。提辛认为,虽然现在印尼社会仍存在针对华人的种族歧视,但再次爆发系统性排华暴力事件的概率并不大。他说,华裔留在中国只是暂时现象,说到底还是要回到印尼发展。

17日,当被问到其言论引起的争议时,阿尼斯辩称他指的是荷兰殖民统治时期,而非今天。《罗盘报》报道说,当被记者追问他的言论是否已违反1998年第26号总统令,阿尼斯只回答:“够了。”但批评他的声音并未就此平息。在推特上,“原住民”成为有关印尼的热门词。有推特用户揶揄阿尼斯说,“先生,你可是阿拉伯后裔。你说‘是原住民当家做主的时候了’究竟在指谁?”17日,就阿尼斯的言论,印尼斗争民主党的外围组织等以涉及种族歧视而触犯法律为由,向警方报案。(金轩远 甄翔)

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