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有消息人士称,此次合并计划得到了两国高层支持,具有重大的政治意义。法国总统马克龙曾多次呼吁加强法德合作,重振“法德发动机”,本次计划也是其中应有之意。
竞争激烈,双方力求保持利益平等
尽管如此,法国对此次合并仍有质疑声音。鉴于西门子在新公司董事会拥有过半席位,且是主要股东。法国业内人士认为,西门子业绩比阿尔斯通优秀,阿尔斯通可能会落入德国人之手,于法国无利。在合并计划披露之初,法国左右派就反对声四起,极左翼势力梅朗雄称法国抛售了高铁,谴责这是“法国工业的公然投降”,使得法国“失去了工业力量”。右派多名政要也纷纷表示反对,称合并是“阿尔斯通的末日”,将“打造德国巨头而不是欧洲巨头”等。
这一担忧源于法国工业逐渐弱化的竞争力。近年来,法国一些标志性的工业企业接连遭遇发展困境。2015年11月,阿尔斯通将能源业务售予美国通用电气,实力严重削减;同年,法国通讯企业阿尔卡特朗讯公司被诺基亚收购,导致大量裁员;另一方面,法国企业还不得不应对日渐崛起的新兴经济体企业的竞争。
其次,因两大公司业务有相似之处,多家工会担心裁员问题。尽管阿尔斯通承诺4年内维持就业岗位不变,但仍旧无法说服舆论。法国《解放报》称,过去的经验证明大企业的承诺都是一纸空文。事实上,阿尔斯通出售能源业务后,通用电气不仅没有履行创造就业的承诺,反而进行了裁员;而诺基亚收购阿尔卡特后,也先后裁员近千人。对此,法国经济与财政部国务秘书格里沃表示,法国政府力图保持双方利益的平衡,实现“平等联姻”,特别是保障法国的就业岗位和管理权限。
根据欧盟规定,合并协议达成后,还需要通过欧盟委员的反不正当竞争调查才能进入实施阶段。“罗马非一日建成”,能否实现打造铁路“巨无霸”的目标,新阿尔斯通公司还有很长的路要走。(记者 龚鸣)
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