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安倍宣布28日解散众院提前大选 政治豪赌输赢难料

2017-09-25 17:01:53   中国网

在野党纷纷声讨党内也传出质疑声

民进、共产、自由、社民四个在野党则是异口同声地对安倍的动议进行了批评。在野党认为,召集临时国会不审议法案、单方面宣布解散,是对宪法的严重挑衅。民进党党首前原诚司17日在党总部向媒体表示,尽早召集临时国会是民进、共产、自由、社民这4个在野党此前依据宪法做出的正当要求。而安倍的这一做法,无疑是为了逃避在国会被追究“加计学园”和“森友学园”等问题而采取的自我保护。前原讥讽刚刚改组一个多月的安倍内阁,称这个安倍自称的“干将内阁”还没干活儿就解散了,没有任何成果。日本共产党书记局长小池晃批评说,安倍解散众院缺少正当理由,解散只是出于自民党利益考虑,是因为惧怕和逃避在野党追究安倍的丑闻。

自民党内部也不乏反对声音。一些党员担忧,逃避国会不能给自民党带来支持。一名自民党干部说:“如果国民还没看到我们的反省就贸然解散,那他们对我们的看法可能瞬间发生变化。”

日本国民对安倍内阁不信任感增加

共同社23、24日实施的日本全国电话舆论调查结果显示,64.3%的受访者反对首相安倍晋三在目前的时期解散众院,23.7%表示赞成。关于政府围绕学校法人“森友学园”和“加计学园”问题的说明,78.8%的人表示无法接受,13.8%表示可以接受。

在日本国内,虽然一部分人支持修宪,认为这样会使日本成为“正常国家”,但日本民众对战争的残酷有一定的认识,他们不愿卷入战争。日本更多地参与对外军事行动,就意味着本国承担的安全风险增加,不少日本民众也担心修宪带来的这种风险。9月19日是日本安倍晋三政府强行通过新安保法满2周年的日子。日本民众当天在国会前举行抗议集会,呼吁废除新安保法,并反对安倍的修宪企图。抗议者手举“废除新安保法、共谋罪法案”“安倍下台”等标语,反对安倍政府企图解禁集体自卫权及政治私用,要求安倍内阁立即下台。

政治“豪赌”输赢难料

由于安倍以修改和平宪法为政治目标,而修宪又需要众参两院三分之二以上议员支持,因此分析人士认为,维持执政联盟在众议院三分之二以上的议席数恐怕才是安倍的真正目标。根据日本议会制度,虽然首相无权解散参议院,但有权随时解散众议院举行大选。自民党如果在这次众议院大选中,单独获得超过三分之二的议席;或者自民党与公明党联合执政能获得超过三分之二的议席,安倍晋三将掌握动手修改宪法的“钥匙”,将“自卫队合法化”内容写入宪法第九条,实现安倍一直梦寐以求的日本“国家正常化”的梦想。

然而,这个目标实现起来却并不容易。首先,有相当一部分日本国民对安倍政府的执政成绩不满意。民调显示,53.8%的受访者不认可安倍的经济政策,59%的受访者不认可安倍的社会保障政策。其次,安倍涉及的森友、加计学园丑闻尚未解决,选民对安倍有关这些丑闻的解释依然不认可。一旦丑闻出现新进展,安倍内阁支持率必将大受影响。第三,安倍解散众议院的决定主要是从本党利益出发,缺乏“大义名分”,难以获得选民理解。有报道称,安倍为给解散找个正当理由,可能会打出“消费税”这张牌,即在2019年10月将消费税提高到10%,并将新增税收用于实现无偿教育和完善社会保障制度。但增税措施容易遭到选民反对。  

如果自民党及其执政伙伴公明党不能在大选中获得众议院三分之二以上议席,安倍将不得不寻求其他党派支持,但这会面临很多困难。如果安倍拼凑的修宪势力没能超过三分之二议席,他在自民党内的凝聚力将下滑,党内一些实力派人物可能取而代之,安倍在明年秋天自民党总裁选举中谋求连任的计划或将受到威胁。(综编/海外网巩浩)

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