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欧盟“盟情咨文”释放什么信号

2017-09-14 17:51:41   新华网

欧盟委员会曾于今年3月公布欧盟未来白皮书,提出有关欧盟未来的五种设想。容克在此次“盟情咨文”中提出了自己的第六种设想——一个基于“自由、平等、法治”原则的欧盟。

在平等问题上,容克强调,欧盟成员国不论规模大小、地处东西或是南北,都是平等的。他将东欧和西欧形容为欧洲的两个肺。他说:“欧洲必须用两个肺呼吸,否则我们的大陆将只能艰难喘气。”

半年前的欧盟未来白皮书提到,欧盟将允许那些有意愿的成员国在一些特定领域深化一体化,也就是走所谓的“多速欧洲”之路。当时,德国、法国、意大利、西班牙等国领导人表态支持“多速欧洲”,但以维谢格拉德集团(由捷克、匈牙利、波兰、斯洛伐克四国组成)为代表的中东欧国家由于担心遭到边缘化,因而强烈反对。

分析人士认为,容克上述发言的言外之意是,欧盟未来不会走“多速欧洲”之路。这表明,欧盟时隔半年在这一问题上的态度有所转变,而目的是顾及中东欧国家的关切,维护欧盟内部团结。

不过,容克在咨文中也对一些中东欧国家进行了“敲打”。他强调,法治是欧洲之基,成员国将最终的司法管辖权交给了欧洲法院,它的裁决必须得到所有成员国的尊重。

本月6日,欧洲法院驳回匈牙利和斯洛伐克政府的诉讼请求,裁定欧盟2015年9月通过的难民分摊方案合法。而两国政府在这一裁决后,依然坚持其拒绝难民配额的立场。分析人士认为,容克上述发言是在含蓄提醒与欧盟唱反调的中东欧国家。

未来说易行难

展望未来,容克说,基于“自由、平等、法治”三大原则,“我们将建设一个更团结、更强大和更民主的联盟”。他就此提出一系列建议:

——更团结:保加利亚和罗马尼亚应立即被纳入申根区,克罗地亚在符合要求后也应被纳入;目前处于欧元区外的成员国未来都将加入欧元区。

——更强大:设立欧洲经济和金融部长职位;设立一个欧洲情报单位,确保关于恐怖分子的信息能在各成员国情报机构和警方间共享;外交领域的某些决定由一致同意改为有效多数同意;加强成员国防务合作,在2025年前打造欧洲防务联盟。

——更民主:规范欧盟委员卸任后的行为;合并欧盟委员会主席和欧洲理事会主席职位。

分析人士指出,欧盟多年来因效率低下、不接地气而饱受诟病,也引发不少民众对欧洲一体化前景的质疑。容克这些建议意在解决欧盟面临的突出问题,增强人们对欧盟的信心。但说易行难,这些建议能否令欧盟荡涤顽疾、脱胎换骨,还有待观察。

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