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新闻分析:美国为何深度依赖俄制火箭发动机

2017-09-13 15:06:26   新华网

美国国防部副部长罗伯特·沃克去年6月表示,一旦放弃RD-180发动机,美国的火箭发射成本将大大增加,单次发射费用至少要增加40%,这样在6年内将会使美军增加15亿至50亿美元的支出。

此外,对于美国来说,RD-180在短期内是不可替代的。由美国航天专家组成的一个委员会日前对在不使用RD-180发动机条件下的美国火箭发射情况进行了展望,结论是要研制出可替换RD-180型发动机的产品最少需要5年甚至更多时间,而美国目前RD-180火箭发动机的储备量仅能满足两年的火箭发射需求,因此存在一个近3年的缺口。

方晓志说,这3年缺口将对美国的敏感领域,特别是军事卫星通信和导弹防御体系造成严重后果。目前,美国专用于太空监视和导弹防御的天基红外系统卫星均由“宇宙神-5”型火箭发射送入地球同步轨道,缺乏RD-180发动机将导致至少30项发射任务延迟,并使美国已构建的卫星通信和防空警报系统处于危险之中。

美国空军自2006年起将发射“宇宙神-5”型火箭的任务分包给了联合发射联盟公司,该公司为追求利润最大化,长期以来只依赖采购的俄制RD-180发动机,而不再研发同级别的发动机,从而导致其研制火箭发动机的能力逐渐衰退。

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