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特稿:恐怖袭击何以成为欧洲的毒瘤

2017-09-10 10:21:39   新华网

欧洲国家还追随美国强行推销“自由民主”,扶持亲己政权,人为在中东地区制造分裂。中国现代国际关系研究院欧洲问题专家申义怀坦言,欧洲恐袭增多是常年追随美国外交的苦果。近年来,欧洲国家不但追随美国参与阿富汗战争、伊拉克战争,还支持“阿拉伯之春”、欲推翻叙利亚巴沙尔政权。虽然一直高举反恐大旗,但西方国家奉行反恐双重标准,将反恐问题作为推行其在中东强权政策的工具,非但没有消灭恐怖主义,反而为恐怖主义提供了赖以生存的土壤,导致欧洲陷入越反越恐的怪圈。

其次,欧洲近年来经济持续低迷,失业率居高不下,进一步恶化了欧洲社会原本就存在的移民融入问题。

英国《金融时报》副主编及首席经济评论员马丁·沃尔夫认为,金融危机导致西方国家经济发展长期停滞,致使中等收入人群收入增长停滞,人们怨恨情绪不断上升。在英美等国,这些怨恨情绪被投诸于社会顶层的精英和外来移民身上。英美人不愿和外国移民分享他们的“国民身份”和这一身份背后的好处,社会的保守化倾向不断加剧。

再次,西方民主制度固有的悖论导致社会边缘群体利益无法得到保障。鲁文·奥吉安认为,欧洲国家恐怖袭击频发不应仅仅归结为文明和宗教冲突,它还是社会制度内部冲突和矛盾的体现。另外,欧洲国家的基督教主流文化,对穆斯林文化的曲解和排斥仍较为严重。

在欧洲不少国家,穆斯林群体往往被边缘化。如果说第一代少数族裔由于移民的身份还能忍受,他们的后代则普遍存在身份认同的困难和挫折感,感觉自己没有被社会平等对待。他们中的一小部分极端分子选择用暴力对抗“被边缘化”,但暴力冲突又让双方陷入“以暴抗暴”的恶性循环,把欧洲拖入越反越恐的怪圈。

中国国际问题研究院欧洲所所长崔洪建认为,欧洲国家应反思各自的内外政策,适时做出调整,才是欧洲长治久安的关键。(参与记者应强、韩冰、桂涛、周珺、郑江华、李洁)

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