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真子公主“下嫁”变平民 日本皇位继承危机难解

2017-09-05 17:25:41   新华网

皇室“人丁不旺”引发日本各界对赋予女性皇位继承权的热议。早在2005年,因日本皇室已40年无男丁出生,当时执政的小泉内阁就曾讨论过修改《皇室典范》的问题,包括承认女性天皇、允许迎娶女性皇族的男性成为皇室成员等。民主党(现在的民进党前身)执政期间,也曾于2012年提出,可以允许女性皇族婚后留在皇室内,创设“女性宫家”。

所谓“宫家”,是指被赐予宫号的皇室家族,如秋筱宫就是文仁亲王的宫号,秋筱宫家现有成员5人,包括秋筱宫夫妇和他们的三名子女。如为女性皇室成员新设“宫家”,其在婚后将能保留皇籍。

但这两场讨论分别由于2006年悠仁的出生和2012年底民主党政权的倒台,最后都无果而终。

明仁天皇去年8月表达“生前退位”的意向后,修改《皇室典范》再度成为舆论热议的话题。民进党呼吁,应朝着允许女性天皇和“女系天皇”(即母亲为皇室成员)的方向展开讨论,应修改《皇室典范》允许创设“女性宫家”。但这一主张遭到以日本首相安倍晋三为首的保守势力强烈反对。安倍更为倾向的选项似乎是所谓“旧宫家”恢复身份。

二战后初期,为缩减皇室规模、减少“宫家”特权,在美国压力下,当时有11个“宫家”的51人脱离皇籍,他们被称为“旧宫家”。

安倍早在2012年第二次上台执政前,就曾在《文艺春秋》杂志上刊文反对创设“女性宫家”,主张“旧宫家”回归皇族,以及现在的“宫家”过继原皇族的男系男子作为养子,强调皇位的父系继承。2017年1月,安倍在国会公开表示,作为稳定皇位继承的措施,让“旧宫家”恢复皇籍可以成为备选项。

有舆论认为,安倍标榜“女性活跃”的成长战略,提倡男女平等的“女性经济学”,推动女性就业及“女性领导”,但他在皇位继承问题上的立场使他的保守本质显露无遗。

今年6月通过的天皇退位特别法案的附带决议中规定,政府应就皇室成员减少问题迅速研究创设“女性宫家”等对策。但这一附带决议并无法律约束力,也没有规定得出相关结论的具体时间。

共同社6月的一项民调显示,支持创设“女性宫家”的民众比例达到63.8%。此前更有民调显示,赞成女性担任天皇的民众比例高达86%。

共同社认为,若不能赋予女性皇族以皇位继承资格,也不创设“女性宫家”,皇室的维持将变得日益严峻。

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