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民进党换届将如何影响日本政坛

2017-09-03 07:55:53   新华网

需要强调的是,包括民进党在内的日本在野党攻击安倍内阁的主要政策部署基本集中在以下两个方面:

其一,包括核能源战略在内的经济政策。2011年福岛核事故发生以降,日本社会普遍陷入“核恐惧”的窘境。为了迎合多数民意,安倍内阁曾一度关停国内所有的核电站,将日本带入“无核”社会。但囿于能源供给的极度短缺,安倍内阁又不得不重启核能的利用与开发;同时,在未来的能源政策设计中始终对核能保持“模棱两可”的暧昧态度,招致民众和在野党的强硬批判。有鉴于此,以民进党为首的日本在野党实则抓住了日本民众的“恐核”心理,对安倍内阁的能源政策进行猛烈抨击,并努力宣扬自身的“零核”理念。

其二,包括首相安倍在内的内阁成员的失职。需要指出的是,安倍第三次重新组阁的直接动因是其本人被爆出在“加计学园”等丑闻中存在渎职嫌疑。加之原防卫大臣稻田朋美又因欠缺政治经验而多次“犯忌”,加速了第二次安倍内阁的垮台。尽管第三次重新组阁之后,安倍内阁的民意支持率有所回升,但并不意味着围绕“加计学园”等政治丑闻的斗争就此终结。更为棘手的是,安倍内阁的多位重要阁僚近期又屡次发表不当言论,尤其是副首相兼财务大臣麻生太郎的有关“希特勒的动机正确论”的发言,更是令整个日本社会哗然。

藉此,随着安倍内阁及自民党政治失误的增多,民进党等日本在野党对其的政治攻击亦将逐渐加剧,并且,一俟“量变到质变”的结果发生,或许自民党“一党独大”的政治局面也会就此结束,转而形成“两党制”或“多党制”的新政治格局。

前原诚司的胜选或许会给民进党及整个日本政坛带来一定变数,但坦言之,前原诚司领导的民进党短期内并无挑战执政党的实力,更无法撼动安倍的首相地位。尽管如此,倘若前原诚司能在较短时间内重塑一个团结友爱、一致对外的民进党,则完全有可能进一步增加对安倍内阁及执政党的外部压力,促使自民党内部生变,进而引发首相之位的易主。

(陈友骏 作者系上海国际问题研究院世界经济研究所副研究员)

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