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中国种业危机:“洋种子”按粒卖 国产的论斤卖

2017-08-16 09:21:25   中国经济网

在“蔬菜之乡”“洋种子”仍占三成以上市场份额

山东省寿光市被誉为“中国蔬菜之乡”,拥有全国最大的蔬菜生产和批发市场。在寿光市鲁盛农业科技农业发展有限公司经理李平看来,“洋种子”的攻城拔寨主要集中在2000年到2009年左右。

“2000年之前大家都没有用国外种子的意识,国外种子也大都没有进来;2009年之后,国产种子也开始奋起反抗。”李平说。

李平说,2000年左右,国际上比较有名的种业企业先正达(已被中化收购),荷兰瑞克斯旺,以色列海泽拉、泽文、纽内姆,荷兰安莎、孟山都等都在寿光建立了试验站或展示基地。目前,已有二十多家国际知名种业企业落户寿光。

记者调研了解到,洋种子在寿光的市场占有率已经比前些年的“半壁江山”有所下降。寿光市种业发展服务中心主任范立国表示,当前寿光市国产蔬菜种子市场占有率已由2010年前的54%提升到目前的65%以上。

范立国举例说,其中华北型带刺黄瓜、圆茄、丝瓜、苦瓜、豆类等为国产品种,水果黄瓜、西葫芦、甜瓜、樱桃番茄等国产品种已达85%以上,尖椒、大红番茄、粉果番茄等品种国产化水平有了大幅度提升。

与此同时,一些蔬菜的国外品种在寿光仍占据较大的优势,它们在作物间、品种间、类型间差异较大。比如,菠菜、绿菜花、胡萝卜等市场占有率达到6成以上;彩椒、大红果番茄等市场占有率在8成以上;绿萼长茄市场占有率达9成以上。

山东省种子管理总站站长蒋庆功表示,从整个山东省来看,国产蔬菜种子占有率可以达到7成以上。进口种子主要是西红柿、菠菜、彩椒等几个品种,但是进口量和种植量都不小。

若不能补上研发短板恐受制于人

姚选困惑地说,种了十几年菜,为什么种不了中国自己的好菜,还要过度依赖“洋种子”。国外种子公司给中国的代理商是唯一的,垄断国内市场,每年给种植大户造成涨价、无货等各种恐慌心理。

姚选当着《经济参考报》记者的面,给多年合作的一位进口商代理公司程姓经理打电话,手机开着免提。

姚选问:“程总,4月份就把买日本菜种的钱打过去了,但为什么还不发货?”

程经理答:“实在不好意思,我们一直想办法进口种子,但现在还没敲定。而且可能还要涨价,你要有心理准备。如果你不乐意,或者不愿意等货,就退还订货款,请你另想办法。”

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