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新闻分析:弗吉尼亚骚乱背后的“白人心态”

2017-08-15 14:17:55   新华网

另一方面,白人人口比例多年来加速下降,且老龄化问题严重,预计到2050年少数族裔将全面赶超白人人口数量,非西裔白人身份危机感上升。这些因素都催生了白人至上主义的迅猛抬头。

需要注意的是,近年来,白人至上主义尤为活跃,一些现象在表明,种族隔阂与极化心态正在从隐性演进为显性,突出表现为传统白人、老移民群体,与黑人、拉美裔和新移民之间的斗争。

无论是白人极端者针对少数族裔的暴力事件,还是黑人群体频繁的反种族歧视游行,或是亚裔联合起来反对招生歧视等等,种族矛盾近些年来一直在加剧。这也难怪,美国媒体将“种族主义”和“排外主义”列为2016年年度热词。

此外,种族主义长期以来被奉为“政治正确”的禁忌话题,而今越来越多的美国人开始打破这种“政治正确”。美利坚大学教授、东亚研究中心主任赵全胜指出,这一现象在某种程度上反映了美国一些政策的“矫枉过正”。如为照顾少数族裔而实施的教育平权,让白人感到空间受挤压,以至于出现反弹。此外,如今政府出台的穆斯林旅行禁令、移民改革等政策,在客观上放大了白人的这种心态。

骚乱是社会撕裂的高潮还是预演?

弗吉尼亚骚乱,不是个案,而是美国“身份政治”矛盾的缩影之一。

去年6月,美国加州反移民的白人至上主义右翼团体在集会时与反对者发生冲突,导致至少10人受伤。《纽约时报》今年2月统计,全美已经有超过900个“仇恨组织”,这一数字是1999年的两倍还多,并且连续两年增长,尤其是反穆斯林、反黑人、反移民等等极端组织的数量越来越多。

《纽约客》网站13日文章预言,弗吉尼亚骚乱,是今后更多同样悲剧的预演。

赵全胜分析说,首先,骚乱反映出当下“美国分裂”的一个现状,分裂的不只是内政问题,如奥巴马医改,还包括社会、族群的分化。

第二,骚乱反映出历史遗留下来的种族问题至今仍未得到解决,包括纳粹主义等沉渣泛滥,呈现反历史潮流的态势。

第三,从更深层次来说,围绕少数族裔和白人产生的是“身份认同”问题。从当年“五月花号”到现在,白人至上主义者坚持认为其白人传统才是美国建国的底蕴和根源。

在亨廷顿看来,移民(尤其是拉美裔)的涌入、次国家认同的强化及多元文化主义的盛行,对盎格鲁-新教文化在美国文化中核心地位,即白人本土文化构成挑战。

先不论亨廷顿带着怎样深深的“白人文化中心”论调,但这却能解释如今美国社会的一种深度撕裂。

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