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拟于2040年起全面禁售汽油和柴油汽车 英国寻求向电动汽车时代转型

2017-08-08 07:09:05   央广网

分析认为,限制柴油车是目前欧盟的整体行动。欧盟在今年对实施零排放显示出巨大决心,市场预计欧盟车企将因此放弃柴油车市场。英国即便在“脱欧”之后,也必须重视欧洲市场,只有在环保标准上与欧盟接轨,才能保持竞争力。

在英国市场上占有重要位置的一些汽车制造商及能源企业对此已有准备。宝马日前宣布,将于2019年开始在英国牛津工厂生产纯电动Mini汽车。今年7月,沃尔沃成为全球第一家宣布自2019年起只推出电动或混合动力汽车的制造商。英国充电服务商“充电大师”运营着5600个充电站,该公司表示,今年将在英国新增250个快速充电站。

彭博社分析称,电动汽车将是未来发展趋势,到2040年英国电动汽车保有量有望占到80%。

英国现行的治理道路交通污染政策有利于推动电动车产业发展。今年5月,英国政府提交了一份扩大建设清洁空气区域的草案,英国政府方面的专家认为,将清洁空气区域从目前的6个增加到27个,由此减少的污染将等同于创造超过10亿英镑的价值,而且在减少二氧化氮排放方面,设置清洁区域的措施比报废柴油车更加高效。如果政府的治理污染计划推动更多的城镇建设清洁空气区域,那么电动车比传统汽车更有优势。

推动传统汽车产业进一步加快转型

虽然政府大力支持,不过普及电动汽车仍然面临着投资、技术、市场等方面的挑战。电动汽车的普及要求充电桩等基础设施建设同步发展。目前,英国约有1.1万个电动车充电站,远远不能满足向电动汽车转型的需求。

此外,目前大多数电动汽车的电池使用寿命有限,电池生产技术仍有待提高。一款日系电动车电池平均使用寿命为5年。过一段时间就更换电池,这是向消费者推广电动汽车的不利因素。

目前,汽油车及柴油车仍是英国居民汽车消费的主流,人们对电动汽车、燃料电池汽车以及插电式混合动力汽车的接受度还有待提高。

汽车制造是英国支柱产业之一,发展电动汽车将给传统汽车产业带来冲击和挑战。英国汽车制造商与销售商协会贸易主管麦克·哈瓦斯表示,如果没能给予足够的时间作出调整,该计划会损害英国传统汽车行业,威胁到80万个就业岗位。哈瓦斯认为,政府应该采取激励方式,避免给传统汽车行业造成伤害,具体政策需要平稳推进。

(本报伦敦8月7日电)

《 人民日报 》( 2017年08月08日 22 版)

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