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新闻分析:委内瑞拉政治危机呼唤拉美共识

2017-08-04 22:37:11   新华网

2009年6月,洪都拉斯发生军事政变,时任总统塞拉亚被强行送往国外。拉美各国对此表示强烈谴责,并立即启动地区集体协调机制,通过里约集团、中美洲一体化体系、美洲玻利瓦尔替代计划等区域多边机构进行斡旋和干预,在孤立政变者、声援塞拉亚的同时,推动实现国家和解。

此外,在古巴问题上,拉美国家也展示出团结。自1994年首届美洲国家首脑会议举办以来,由于美国反对,古巴一直无缘参会。一些拉美国家以拒绝与会、不签署联合声明等方式向美国施压。最终,美国不得不妥协,同意古巴参加2015年的第七届美洲国家首脑会议。

针对目前的委内瑞拉政治危机,拉美区域一体化组织也在积极行动。日前,南方共同市场发表联合声明说,愿意成立联络小组帮助建立沟通机制,推动委内瑞拉政府和反对派双方进行对话。袁东振认为,目前委国内两派缺乏共识及和解意愿,调解难度较大,这对集体斡旋机制是个不小的考验。

  域外干预激化矛盾

7月31日,美国财政部宣布将马杜罗列入外国资产控制办公室的制裁名单。根据制裁措施,马杜罗在美国境内的资产将被冻结,同时美国人将被禁止与其进行交易往来。另据美国媒体透露,美国政府下一步可能把制裁目标瞄准委石油产业。

对此,委内瑞拉军方抗议美国的制裁措施,并重申无条件支持马杜罗。古巴外交部也发表声明,谴责美国对马杜罗的制裁,称其企图推翻马杜罗政府,违反国际法。

中国现代国际关系研究院拉美所副所长杨首国说:“美国实际上已经从操控舆论、扶持反对派、对委高层制裁、推动西半球反委联盟等方面全面介入委内瑞拉问题,未来制裁力度可能会继续加大。”

杨首国认为,拉美地区左翼阵营的外交支持能在一定程度上牵制以美国为首的“反委”联盟,对委内瑞拉而言十分重要。

袁东振也指出,鉴于美拉之间的特殊关系,美国的介入不仅增加了解决委内瑞拉问题的难度,也使得拉美国家的意见分歧进一步激化,影响拉美内部团结。

袁东振表示,制裁等强硬手段无法化解委内瑞拉目前的政治危机。最可行的方式还是变“强硬”为“软化”,通过外界调解,帮助委内瑞拉政府和反对派找到共同利益,实现妥协,以协商方式解决现有分歧。

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