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俄罗斯驻土耳其大使遇刺 背景比你想得更复杂

2016-12-21 04:20:26   

这次行刺,会是一战导火索“萨拉热窝事件”的重演吗?

态度

一个极端分子的行刺,或许会让土耳其官方尴尬,但并不会真的引发俄罗斯对土耳其的怒火。

这一点,从双方的反应就可以看出。事件发生后,对土方打来的电话,俄罗斯一律接听且会谈;土外长还前往莫斯科,跟俄罗斯和伊朗一起讨论叙利亚的未来。

普京则称,“杀害俄驻土耳其大使是一次意图中断俄土正常关系的挑衅事件”,“匪徒们将自食其果”,“事件不会破坏俄土关系”。

土耳其的表态则更令人寻味,他们称刺客系与土耳其“政变黑手”居兰有瓜葛的伊斯兰激进分子,曾因卷入政变而被停职——明摆着把“锅”往庇护居兰的美国身上甩。

什么是“大局”,普京和埃尔多安心里门儿清。

说起来,俄罗斯和土耳其过去百年间也是世仇,大大小小大了十来次俄土战争;在叙利亚,双方以前利益不一、支持迥异,土耳其还曾一心想加入欧盟、向西方靠拢。但时移势易,围绕叙利亚问题,各方的立场和关系都在不断变化当中。

战局

从凶手高呼的口号看,要理解这件事,首先就要理解叙利亚这片土地上正在发生的“微型世界大战”。

这场“微缩大战”有几方参与。俄罗斯和伊朗、及黎巴嫩真主党,支持巴沙尔政府军;海合会国家(阿联酋、阿曼、巴林、卡塔尔、科威特、沙特)和土 耳其,各自支持一伙“温和”反对派;美英法德等国,也支持一帮据说比较“世俗”的反对派,库尔德武装也从美国和欧洲国家那里拿钱拿枪。

其中,真正出兵直接参与的,就是俄土两国为主。其他西方国家,则遮遮掩掩地派出了一些特种部队或者“军事顾问”,参与了库尔德武装的整训。当 然,根据最大受害者巴沙尔政府的说法,西方国家也参与了各种“温和”反对派幌子下的恐怖主义武装的行动,要不,IS打爆土耳其坦克的美制反坦克导弹,哪儿 来的?

而在叙利亚战场上,俄罗斯和土耳其从分歧到默契,不仅让这场战争更加扑朔迷离,也让西方国家更感棘手。

关系

先说俄土。从击落俄罗斯战机,到那场未遂的政变,土耳其和俄罗斯的关系在短时间内来了个大转弯。

政变期间,西方国家或应对笨拙,或畏首畏尾、态度暧昧,让土耳其对“盟友”们大失所望;而政变未发生时,普京就“不计前嫌”,提前警告埃尔多安;因此,挫败政变后,埃尔多安立马跑去莫斯科,就打飞机事件道歉。

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