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因疯牛病被“打入冷宫” 美国牛肉12年后重回中国餐桌

2016-10-03 12:58:00   央广网

原标题:因疯牛病被“打入冷宫” 美国牛肉重回中国餐桌

央广网北京10月3日消息(记者刘会民) 据中国之声《央广新闻》报道,对很多人来说,“疯牛病”是一个即熟悉又陌生的词汇。说它熟悉,是因为疯牛病曾在世纪之交的时候,引发世人的恐慌,让人谈“牛”色变;说它陌生,则是由于疯牛病似乎已经逐渐远去,甚至被人们所淡忘。

不过,农业部和质检总局9月22号发布的一则公告,将“疯牛病”这个词重新拉回到人们的视线当中。公告称,根据风险评估结果,即日起有条件的解除对美国牛肉的禁令,允许符合中国追溯体系要求和检验检疫要求的美国牛肉对华出口。这意味着,12年前因疯牛病被禁止对华出口的美国牛肉,将重返中国的餐桌。为什么我们会12年之后,对美国牛肉进行解禁呢?

早在2001年3月1日,农业部、原国家出入境检验检疫局曾发布公告,禁止从当时发生疯牛病的英国、瑞士、法国等13个国家或地区进口牛肉等产品。凡有新发生疯牛病的国家,也将自动列入禁止进口的名录。2003年12月28日,美国农业部确认在华盛顿州发生疯牛病。由此,美国从2004年1月14日也进入到上述名录。从那时起,美国牛肉被禁止对华出口。中国农业大学动物医学院教授郑世军表示,这样做是为了切断疯牛病的食物链传染源,防止疯牛病进入中国。“疯牛病本身来讲它是个食源性的病,它跟我们平常所说的传染病不一样的,它是因为得了一些痒病的,它叫(Scarpie)这个羊的下水、骨粉等做成饲料给牛喂,牛要吃了这个它吸收进去以后它可以使大脑里面会造成软病毒,我国对疯牛病,一直在抽样进行检测,这么多年来一直就是没有发现我们国家存在着这个病。”

据了解,疯牛病是一种危害牛中枢神经系统的传染病。人食用这种病牛的肉或者脊髓之后,可能染上致命的新型克雅氏症,其部分症状与疯牛病相似。根据世界动物卫生组织的统计,30年来,全球感染新型克雅氏症的仅有226个人,其中175起病例在英国,且大都集中在1996到2004年之间。该组织确定,除非人类因食用受到污染的动物风险部位,如牛只的扁桃腺与回肠末端,或是30个月龄以上牛只的脑、眼、脊髓、头骨等,才可能会罹患新型克雅氏症。因此,世界动物卫生组织认为,相关疾病的风险可以忽略不计。近几年,关于牛肉进口的禁令在多个国家逐渐被解除。我国在2014年7月份解除了对巴西牛肉的进口禁令。而解除对美国牛肉的进口禁令,近些年呼声也一直不断。中国农业大学教授、国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系首席科学家曹兵海表示,从2003年以来,已经过去13年了,美国并没有爆发疯牛病,中国观察了美国13年,在非常高度警惕它的疯牛病对我国输入的情况之下,有原则、有限度的解禁,而不是全部解禁。

根据农业部和国家质检总局的公告,有条件解除对美国30月龄以下剔骨牛肉、带骨牛肉的禁令,允许符合中国追溯体系要求和检验检疫要求的美国牛肉对华出口。相关的另行制定。曹兵海认为,这为美国牛肉进口设定了门槛。“这是对美国是有条件的,并不是说,你只要是美国杀了牛肉我们就进口,我们会对它屠宰上的安全卫生进行调查、审查、测定、化验,具体的操作我们中国有自己的一套操作规程,这种严防死打的情况下,应该说进到中国的牛肉是非常高度安全的。”

在中国老百姓的餐桌上,牛肉历来是广受欢迎的食材之一。随着社会经济水平的提高,我国目前已经成为世界第三大牛肉生产和消费国,牛肉消费存在较大的缺口。去年,我国牛肉市场流通量在900万吨左右,但牛肉产量仅为700万吨。曹兵海表示,中国放开对美国牛肉进口的禁令,将会进一步满足国内消费者逐渐多元化的消费需求。“现在一年四季全民男女老少都在吃,也不分季节、不分民族了,另外国内缺口很大,供严重的小于求,这不是正好的一件事情吗?所以大的方面来说我认为这是一件好事。”

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