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综述:战胜艾滋病的希望与阻力

2016-07-23 15:40:16   新华社

新华社南非德班7月22日电  综述:战胜艾滋病的希望与阻力

新华社记者高原 赵熙 田弘毅

第21届世界艾滋病大会7月18日至22日在南非海滨城市德班举行。本次会议在全球防治艾滋病取得重大成绩同时仍面临挑战的形势下召开,受到普遍关注。

世界各地的政要、学者专家和艾滋病病毒感染者代表约1.8万人出席了主题为“现在就获得平等权利”的大会。他们表示,必须解决艾滋病防控和研究的资金匮乏问题,向艾滋病患者和艾滋病病毒携带者提供及时治疗,消除对同性恋者、吸毒者和性工作者等艾滋病高危人群的歧视。

  抗艾重大进展

在2030年前消灭艾滋病是会议向世界表达的强烈决心。提出这一目标并非没有根据,联合国秘书长潘基文表示,人类在艾滋病防治中已取得很大进展,在一些国家只用20分钟就能诊断艾滋病,使得全球有1700多万名艾滋病病毒感染者得到有效治疗,而2000年这一人数只有约77万。

目前普遍使用的防治艾滋病方法有两种,一种是针对艾滋病高风险人群包括同性恋尤其男同性恋者、毒品注射者等的“暴露前预防”用药;另一种是抗逆转录病毒疗法,这是当前治疗艾滋病的主要疗法,是抗艾进展的最大功臣,已在南非等国广泛使用并见到成效。

与2004年的高峰期相比,当前全球艾滋病死亡率已经下降了42%,新发感染率下降了32%,儿童感染率则在过去5年下降了60%,这表明艾滋病疫情已经出现拐点。

在曾经的“重灾区”南非,由于治疗及时和知识普及,2010年以来艾滋病死亡人数下降了58%,死于跟艾滋病有关疾病的5岁以下儿童从2000年的2.5万人降至2014年的3800人,艾滋病母婴传染率从10年前的30%下降至目前的1.5%,人口平均寿命则从2005年的51岁增加到2014年的61岁。

南非抗艾成就和经验受到国际社会称赞。这表明,只要各方重视、投入得当、共同努力,艾滋病并非不可战胜。

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