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《麻省理工学院技术评论》评出最新十大突破性技术

2019-02-27 21:37:00    新华网

新华社北京2月27日电(记者张莹)全球知名科技评论期刊《麻省理工学院技术评论》27日发布2019年“全球十大突破性技术”,灵巧机器人、核能新浪潮、定制癌症疫苗、人造肉汉堡等入选。

这份期刊的中文版官网当天发布公报说,今年是该杂志创刊120周年,“全球十大突破性技术”榜单也与过去稍有不同。本届评选邀请到微软公司创始人比尔·盖茨担任客座评选人,全程参与评选工作。入选的10项技术包括灵巧机器人、核能新浪潮、早产预测、肠道显微胶囊、定制癌症疫苗、人造肉汉堡、捕获二氧化碳、可穿戴心电仪、无下水道卫生间、可流利对话的人工智能助手。

“我希望我参与选出的技术,不仅是2019年的关注焦点,更能为整个科技史留下浓重的一笔。”盖茨在为榜单所作序言中说。

今年榜单中多项技术与生命科学有关。据介绍,由德国“生物新技术公司”与美国“基因泰克公司”合作研发的定制癌症疫苗正处于临床试验的关键阶段,它能通过识别各肿瘤的特异性突变,激发人体的天然防御能力,从而对癌细胞进行针对性破坏。如果效果真如预期,将能有效阻止多种癌症的发生。

核能新浪潮则关注能源发展。该杂志认为,在减少碳排放和限制气候变化的努力方面,核能的作用正变得越来越不可或缺。新型核裂变反应堆到二十一世纪二十年代中期有望实现大规模应用,而核聚变反应堆仍需至少10年时间。

自2001年起,《麻省理工学院技术评论》每年发布“全球十大突破性技术”,关注技术的商业应用潜力以及对人类社会和生活的重大影响,也被认为是投资和技术应用领域的风向标。实用型量子计算机、可回收火箭、对抗性神经网络、石墨烯晶体管、精确编辑植物基因等技术曾出现在近几年的榜单中。

盖茨认为,在未来几年,治疗慢性病技术将会成为榜单的一大主题,不仅包括新药,还有能帮关节炎患者保持灵活的机械手套、能帮重度抑郁患者得到所需治疗的手机应用等创新。

“如果把眼光放得再远一些,比如展望一下20年后的技术榜单,我希望上榜的几乎都是以提升人类福祉为目标的技术。”盖茨说。

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