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非洲猪瘟核酸阳性不影响猪肉制品食用安全——原国家首席兽医师回应非洲猪瘟热点问题

2019-02-22 22:33:00    新华网

新华社北京2月22日电 题:非洲猪瘟核酸阳性不影响猪肉制品食用安全——原国家首席兽医师回应非洲猪瘟热点问题

新华社记者于文静

近日,有媒体报道一些食品加工企业个别批次产品检出非洲猪瘟病毒核酸阳性问题。为什么猪肉制品会检出非洲猪瘟核酸阳性?是否影响猪肉及其制品食用安全?原国家首席兽医师张仲秋日前就公众关注的问题接受了新华社记者采访。

  可能存在健康猪处于潜伏期携带病毒

问:为什么猪肉加工企业的产品会检出非洲猪瘟核酸阳性?

答:这是非洲猪瘟病毒特性决定的,非洲猪瘟的潜伏期可达3周,初期没有临床症状,很难在第一时间发现和确认,可能存在健康猪处于潜伏期携带病毒的情况。如果处于潜伏期的生猪进入屠宰环节,食品加工企业使用了相关原料进行加工,不排除会检出非洲猪瘟病毒核酸阳性。

针对这些问题,农业农村部已发公告,要求自2019年2月1日起,屠宰企业要实施生猪屠宰非洲猪瘟检测制度。

  核酸阳性不一定代表有活病毒

问:猪肉食品中检出非洲猪瘟核酸阳性,是否意味着食品中含有活的非洲猪瘟病毒?

答:非洲猪瘟病毒的基本化学组成是核酸和蛋白质,活病毒是由完整核酸和蛋白质组装而成的。核酸阳性是病原学检测的专业术语,只要样品中含有病毒的特定核酸片段,就有可能检测阳性。

换句话说,样品中检出核酸阳性,并不一定代表样品中有活病毒的存在。另外,现有针对非洲猪瘟核酸的检测方法,检测灵敏度高,某些批次产品中存在微量核酸也会被检出。

  高温可杀灭病毒

问:猪肉加工产品中检出非洲猪瘟核酸阳性,对人是否有危害?

答:首先,非洲猪瘟发现近100年来,全球范围内没有发生过人感染非洲猪瘟的情况,不会感染人。

其次,研究表明高温可杀灭非洲猪瘟病毒。非洲猪瘟病毒对高温较为敏感,70摄氏度持续加热20分钟即可消灭病毒活性。目前市场上销售的猪肉制品,包括熟制、半熟制和鲜(冻)肉制品,其中熟制、半熟制的猪肉制品,其加工条件均可使该病毒失去活性。而家庭烹饪鲜(冻)猪肉时,其温度往往在90至100摄氏度,病毒更加容易失去活性。

  严格落实企业防疫主体责任

问:屠宰加工企业如何加强原料管控?

答:我国发生非洲猪瘟疫情以来,所有已发疫情均已得到及时有效处置,目前疫情呈点状发生,总体可控。但非洲猪瘟病毒在我国已形成了一定污染面,传统的生产、流通、消费方式短期内难以根本改变,疫情传播途径错综复杂,风险难以完全阻断。

农业农村部为进一步做好非洲猪瘟防控工作,降低生猪屠宰以及生猪产品流通环节病毒扩散风险,发布公告明确要求自2月1日起,生猪屠宰厂(场)应当按照有关规定,严格做好非洲猪瘟排查、检测及疫情报告工作。企业要严格落实防疫主体责任,开展非洲猪瘟检测,并主动接受监督检查。

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