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甲状腺癌年轻化趋势明显 专家认为“懒癌”不容忽视

2019-02-21 18:33:01    新华网

新华社长沙2月21日电(记者帅才)大部分甲状腺癌早发现、早治疗后治愈率高,因此被一些人认为是惰性癌(俗称“懒癌”)。专家认为,近年来,甲状腺癌发病率上升,而且呈现出年轻化趋势,一些甲状腺癌患者认为自己患上的是“懒癌”,抱着掉以轻心的态度,如果患者任凭病情发展或不按时服药,病情也可能恶化。

湖南省人民医院乳腺甲状腺外科主任医师张超杰介绍,甲状腺癌是来源于甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞的一种常见恶性内分泌肿瘤,近年来,甲状腺癌发病率呈上升趋势,而且年轻化趋势明显,医院接诊的很多甲状腺癌患者是“70后”和“80后”。

据介绍,甲状腺癌分为乳头状癌、滤泡癌、髓样癌和未分化癌。其中乳头状癌和滤泡癌合称分化型甲状腺癌,发病率最高,占所有甲状腺癌病理类型的90%以上,预后最好,早期病人早手术治愈率高;髓样癌和未分化癌占比小,其中未分化癌有“癌中之王”的恶名,这类型患者病情发展快。

张超杰说,有甲状腺癌家族史、经常暴露在辐射工作环境中、儿童时期接受过放射线并且之后出现了甲状腺结节的人群、缺碘或服用碘过量的人群更容易患上甲状腺癌。甲状腺癌早期通常无症状,典型的临床表现为甲状腺内发现肿块,质地硬,可随吞咽上下移动,无疼痛等不适。晚期症状表现为声音嘶哑、呼吸困难、吞咽梗阻感、耳朵肩部枕部疼痛等。

专家指出,很多人在体检时查出患有甲状腺结节,甲状腺结节包括恶性结节和良性结节,大多数良性结节不会发展成癌,在发现甲状腺结节可疑恶性时,应持续随访观察或进行甲状腺穿刺。

专家建议,预防甲状腺癌,要保持合理的饮食习惯,保持心情舒畅,避免过度劳累,定期做甲状腺功能和甲状腺彩超检查,一旦发现患上甲状腺癌,既不要太过紧张、焦虑,也要高度重视,遵循医嘱进行科学治疗,坚持定期服药,避免“懒癌”病情恶化。

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