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科普:川金丝猴有“奶妈”

2019-02-21 12:33:00    新华网

新华社华盛顿2月20日电(记者周舟)中国科研人员领导的一个国际团队发现,川金丝猴出生后3个月内会经常性接受其他猴妈妈的哺乳。这是首次观察到旧大陆猴中存在经常性异母哺乳行为,该行为可提高川金丝猴幼仔的存活率,为理解人类进化提供新视角。

20日发表在美国《科学进展》杂志的研究显示,在中国湖北神农架国家公园开展的一项实地研究中,被观察的川金丝猴幼仔中约87%由非其母亲的母猴哺乳抚养,这主要发生在有亲缘关系的母猴之间。

研究显示,这些母猴间通常会相互帮助,近九成的母猴会哺育另一母猴的幼仔。这使幼仔出生后能够快速发育,在严冬来临之前达到良好的状态,从而顺利度过低温和食物短缺的冬季。

中南林业科技大学向左甫团队、中国科学院动物研究所李明团队及澳大利亚和美国等国研究人员参与了研究。

他们发现,在5个产仔季节中,46只川金丝猴幼仔中有40只所吸的奶水来自一个或多个非亲母猴,这种现象主要见于幼仔出生后的头3个月。在6只未能得到异母哺育的幼仔中,有4只在冬天死亡,而40只接受异母哺育的幼仔中只有6只死亡。

向左甫对新华社记者说,乳汁分泌需耗费母亲大量能量,因此多数哺乳动物母亲不愿喂养其他雌性的后代,在各种灵长类动物中,经常性的异母哺乳行为仅见于原猴、新大陆猴或人类社会,在旧大陆猴和猿类中鲜见报道。

向左甫说,经常性异母哺乳行为出现在具有亲缘关系或者互相合作的雌性之间,且母亲允许其他雌猴在幼仔发育早期接触幼仔,是人类进化早期出现“婴儿-母亲-异母”照料关系所必需的基础。

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