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新型超轻陶瓷材料可用于未来航天器隔热

2019-02-20 20:33:00    新华网

新华社洛杉矶2月20日电(记者谭晶晶)美国、中国等国研究人员最近共同研发出一种超轻耐用的陶瓷气凝胶,可耐受极端高温、适应剧烈温度变化,未来有望用于航天器的隔热保护。

与其他绝缘体相比,陶瓷气凝胶耐高温、耐火、耐腐蚀,自20世纪90年代以来,一直应用于工业设备隔热。

新研发的这种陶瓷气凝胶由氮化硼薄层制成,是一种原子以六边形网格状连接的陶瓷材料。这种材料在1400摄氏度高温下存放一周后机械强度损失不到1%。由于其体积的99%以上是空气,因此重量超轻。与传统气凝胶相比,新材料在大气摩擦及剧烈温度变化环境下更加耐用,独特的原子结构使其更具弹性。

新材料由美国加州大学洛杉矶分校、伯克利分校,中国哈尔滨工业大学、兰州大学、东南大学以及沙特国王大学等多家机构共同研发,相关论文已发表在美国《科学》杂志上。

研究团队负责人、加州大学洛杉矶分校化学和生物化学教授段镶锋接受新华社记者采访时说,以火星探索为例,火星的平均温度很低、昼夜温差巨大,这种极端气温环境需要有效的隔热保护,以保证科学设备正常工作、降低能耗。

“目前的二氧化硅气凝胶比较脆弱,热稳定性不强,在重复的热冲击下容易破裂。新的陶瓷气凝胶具有高度的柔韧性,机械和热稳定性极佳,密度和热导率都很低,可以为航天任务提供有效隔热。”段镶锋说。

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