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关注儿童癌症,我们可以做些什么?

2019-02-15 18:03:01    新华网

新华社重庆2月15日电(记者黎华玲)国际抗癌联盟将每年的2月15日定为“国际儿童癌症日”。儿童癌症正侵蚀着孩子们的生命健康,我们可以做些什么?

中国抗癌协会调查数据显示,儿童癌症已经成为除意外创伤外,造成儿童死亡的第二大原因。然而,儿童癌症在我国的公众了解度还较低,大多数人仅知道白血病,却不知道儿童恶性实体肿瘤的发病率已经高于白血病。

重庆市肿瘤医院肿瘤放射治疗中心副主任谢悦介绍,儿童肿瘤主要包括白血病(血液系统肿瘤)、中枢神经系统的恶性肿瘤、淋巴瘤、神母细胞瘤、肝母细胞瘤,还有尤文氏肉瘤、骨肿瘤以及生殖细胞肿瘤等实体肿瘤。“传统观念认为,癌症是大人病,小孩极少会得,因此忽视甚至误诊,耽搁了治疗。”谢悦在接受记者采访时呼吁,社会尤应对儿童实体肿瘤引起重视。

对此,重庆医科大学附属儿童医院肿瘤外科主任王珊指出,即使是儿童出现了腹痛、肿块等异常症状,很少有家长会往恶性肿瘤上想,进而造成儿童肿瘤漏诊、误诊。专家表示,儿童恶性实体肿瘤占儿童恶性肿瘤发病率的55%,白血病占45%。

记者走进重庆市肿瘤医院肿瘤放射治疗中心,见到了很多“小光头”。南南依偎在父亲陈先生的怀里,表情痛苦。由于脑胶质瘤术后放疗,南南的头发已经全部脱落。他吃不下任何东西,皮肤呈现出青黄色。陈先生告诉记者,如果不是去年11月的一场车祸,孩子的病情可能还没被发现。他呼吁公众给予儿童癌症更多关注,“以前我们都认为大人才得癌症,真心劝家长带孩子做检查,防患于未然。”

王珊指出,很多人觉得癌症离儿童很遥远,实际上,儿童在各个年龄段、全身各系统都有患癌可能,3岁以内尤其多发。但是,因为儿童肿瘤的发病症状多是发热、炎症、腹痛,诊断时难以联想到肿瘤,往往导致最终确诊时已广泛转移。

需要指出的是,与成人肿瘤不同,儿童恶性实体肿瘤进展极快,从一期发展到四期最快只要三个月。有一位年仅3岁的恶性实体肿瘤患儿,入院第二天时,腹部以下失去知觉,被确诊为恶性实体肿瘤晚期。王珊说,当时,肿瘤已经将他的内脏器官包裹住。不过,儿童对化疗药十分敏感,相当一部分癌症在扩散后仍能治愈。因此,早发现、早治疗至关重要。

其实,儿童癌症发病是有规律可循的,3岁左右是各种母细胞瘤的发病高峰。12至14岁则是骨肉瘤和非霍奇金恶性淋巴瘤的高峰期。针对发病规律,专家们强烈建议家长在孩子出生后1年内以及孩子3岁左右,分别带孩子做一次B超。儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病、霍奇金病、肝母细胞瘤等已被视为“可以治愈的恶性肿瘤”。谢悦说:“经过规范化的治疗以后,大多数的患儿都能够重新融入社会,基本健康地生活。”

受访专家提示,与成人肿瘤发病的原因不同,儿童实体肿瘤主要与母亲孕期胎儿发育过程中胚胎组织残留有关。因此,夫妻双方身体状况、环境状况及饮食状况与儿童实体肿瘤密切相关。

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