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女书:女性文字里的新春祝福

2019-02-13 16:33:00    新华网

新华社长沙2月13日电(记者柳王敏)新春伊始,湖南省江永县上江圩镇浦尾村的女书生态博物馆内一片生机盎然,油菜花已竞相开放,前来游园和探访神秘文字女书的人络绎不绝。

“正月初二开园,春节假期接待游客近2万人次。我们在博物馆内写‘福’字,免费为喜欢女书文字的人送‘福’。”31岁的女书传承人胡欣告诉记者。

“女书是世界迄今发现的唯一女性专用文字,女书包括女字、女歌、女工、民间习俗等。”胡欣表示,女书的一笔一画,都彰显女性的温婉和细腻。

“女书的写法都是从右往左,从上到下,字形的特点都是右高左低,呈斜菱形,基本笔画非常简单,只有点、竖、斜、弧这4个。”江永女书生态博物馆内,胡欣一边为游客讲解,一边现场书写。

作为一种独特而罕见的文化遗存,女书仅在上江圩镇及周边3个乡镇流传,20世纪80年代一经发现,即引起国内外轰动。2006年女书习俗入选中国第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。

“女书文字非常独特,仅用当地方言发音,传女不传男,习俗是‘人死书焚’,人去世后,女书也被焚烧或者陪葬。”胡欣告诉记者,女书留存的原件非常少,而女书起源何时,由谁创造,为什么仅在江永县小范围传播,这些至今都是待解之谜。

近年来,随着国家相关部门和当地政府的重视与推广,以及院校学者和民间人士的研究,女书逐渐广为人知,先后在美国纽约联合国总部和瑞士日内瓦联合国欧洲总部展出,女书传承人也受邀出访讲解和传播,古老的文字正焕发出新活力。

记者了解到,随着时代的发展,女书也在追求创新,从以前的抒写女性情感为主,到现在可写诗词、名言警句、春联等,还可制作成书法作品。

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