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硅藻为啥擅长“捕光”?中国科学家找到新机理

2019-02-08 11:03:00    新华网

新华社北京2月8日电(记者董瑞丰)中国科学院植物研究所的一项最新研究发现了自然界“奇葩”光合物种——硅藻如何利用其独特结构去高效地捕获、利用光能。北京时间8日,国际知名学术期刊《科学》以长文形式在线发表了这一成果。基于该研究,科学家未来有望设计出可以高效“捕光”的新型作物。

中科院植物所的沈建仁和匡廷云研究团队解析了硅藻的主要捕光天线蛋白高分辨率结构,这是硅藻的首个光合膜蛋白结构解析研究工作,为研究硅藻的光能捕获、利用和光保护机制提供了重要的结构基础。

对于绿色植物而言,光合作用主要吸收的是红光和蓝紫光,该现象与绿色植物吸收光的基本单位有关。绿光波段的能量基本没有被绿色植物所利用,这也是它们呈现绿色的主要原因。

但是,自然界中并非没有能利用绿光的光合生物。海洋藻类拥有色彩斑斓的捕光蛋白,比如蓝藻的藻蓝蛋白、红藻的藻红蛋白、硅藻的岩藻黄素-叶绿素蛋白等,可以帮助海藻在不同的海水深度利用不同的太阳光能。其中,海洋赤潮的主要“肇事者”硅藻可谓是最“成功”的光合生物之一,其分布范围广,吸收二氧化碳的能力约占全球生态系统的五分之一,比热带雨林的贡献还高。

此前研究表明,硅藻特有的捕光天线蛋白具有出色的蓝绿光捕获能力和极强的光保护能力。然而,硅藻光合膜蛋白的结构长期没有得到解析,极大限制了硅藻光合作用的研究。

中国科学家的最新研究即填补了这一空白,为人工模拟光合作用机理提供了新理论依据。该研究同时表明,学术界过去一些主流观点可能存在问题。

来自研究团队的科学家表示,基于该成果,科学家有望设计出能够利用绿光波段、具有高效捕光和光保护能力的新型作物,也可为现代化智能植物工厂的发展提供新方向。

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