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科学家揭示我国一级保护动物朱鹮群体演化历程

2019-02-07 18:31:00    新华网

新华社昆明2月7日电(记者岳冉冉)科学家揭示了我国一级保护动物朱鹮的群体演化历程,该成果日前发表在国际期刊《当代生物学》上。

论文通讯作者、中科院昆明动物研究所研究员张国捷介绍,朱鹮是世界濒危鸟类保护的旗舰物种,也是人工保育最成功的物种之一。上世纪五六十年代,朱鹮曾被认为在野外灭绝。直到上世纪八九十年代,研究者在秦岭发现了7只野生朱鹮个体,随后展开了野外就地保护和人工繁殖。此后,我国建立了朱鹮国家级自然保护区,使得朱鹮群体数量恢复至目前的2000多只。

为回答朱鹮遗传多样性的历史变化,由中国、西班牙、丹麦科学家组成的团队,收集了9家博物馆57份朱鹮历史样品和保育区资源,对朱鹮多样性在时间维度上的变化进行了研究。

论文第一作者、中国科学院大学在读博士冯少鸿介绍,博物馆样品来自19世纪末至20世纪初朱鹮的主要分布区。基于这些样品的全基因组重测序数据,并结合保育区现生朱鹮群体数据,团队发现:早在约1万年前,朱鹮的群体数量就开始下降。“当时气温回暖,适合朱鹮生存地域的气候对朱鹮的制约已很小,由此表明,朱鹮在当时受人类活动影响的可能性更大,这远比我们认为的朱鹮是在近几十年受人类影响要早很多。”冯少鸿说。

此外,团队还发现,现代朱鹮群体失去了将近一半的历史群体遗传多样性。由于长期近亲繁殖,展现出明显的近交效应。张国捷建议,今后对朱鹮的保育工作需要同分子遗传学更好结合,以保持遗传多样性。

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