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最后扳道工:在“变轨”中坚守

2019-02-05 21:01:00    津云

  【新春走基层】最后扳道工:在“变轨”中坚守

  津云新闻讯:“咔嚓咔嚓”,张青云双手握住道岔握柄用力向右旋转90度,道岔尖轨位置随即改变,LED屏显示第四道轨道开启。“呜——”,机车司机发出信号,张青云举起右手的小黄旗示意车辆进站……

  这是“扳道工”日常工作的缩影,他们还有一个更为拉风的名字——“列车舵手”,曾经是铁路运输最为关键的工种,但是随着现代化铁路技术的不断发展,有着“活化石”工种之称的“扳道工”也逐渐退出了历史舞台。如今,只有在一些货车专用线上,我们才能看到扳道员忙碌的身影。在北京铁路局天津南仓站,还保留着这一工种。扳道师傅们日复一日扳动着沉重的道岔,一次次改变着来往列车行进的轨道。

  南仓站是华北货运的枢纽,链接京山线、京沪线,每天还有多辆中欧、中亚班列路过。“和客运铁路不同,在货运编组站做的主要是车辆的‘排列组合’,从不同地方过来的货运车辆,在我们的编组站,进行重新编排,同一方向的车厢编排成一列火车开往下一个编组站进行下一次的排列。”南仓站运转二车间党支部书记孙红杰介绍,国家提出“公转铁”后,货运流上升非常明显,每天差不多有14000-18000节车厢要在这里进行重新的编组。

  在车辆排列组合中“扳道工”的工作非常关键。张青云“子承父业”,从19岁便开始在南仓站做扳道工,一干就是41年,每天在1200米长的编组站踩着铁轨的石子来来回回6、7趟,车辆多的时候,脚都磨出泡来。

  扳道工作看起来动作简单、操作方便,其实可里面大有文章,讲究“一看、二扳、三确认、四显示”:道岔扳到所需位置,扳后要确认道岔开通方向、手柄位置是否正确、尖轨与基本轨是否密贴,确认无误后向要道人员显示开通信号。这一气呵成的工作就是“变轨”!

  “这个得用‘巧劲儿’,扳道的时候尖轨和基本轨的误差在3毫米以内,当时总结的经验就是火柴能插进去说明没扳到位。”张青云说,扳道工作不容有一点马虎,一旦出现错误便“车毁人亡”。

  他自己工作41年以来,也从未出过任何差错。“接到车辆来的信号后,我就沿着将要使用的铁轨走一趟,检查道岔和线路,看有没有异物,车辆进站前10分钟就提前到岗准备。刮风下雨下雪天更需要注意,路基会因为热胀冷缩变形,扳道就更需要精心。”张青云说。

  张青云的认真来源于父亲的教诲。“到铁路工作第一天,父亲就嘱咐我,年轻人慌慌张张不行,要吃这碗饭,人要沉稳,要担得起责任。”张青云说,最让他印象深刻的是父亲对自己穿衣打扮的要求。刚上班时,张青云是个小年轻,也爱赶时髦,有一回买了双新皮鞋,擦得锃亮,穿着去上班,晚上回来让父亲看见了,父亲不客气地说:“你小子穿得比站长还讲究啊。”从那以后张青云低调了很多:“这就是我们老张家的家风,我父亲总是提醒我,你是去工作,不是去玩。”工作了几年,他也慢慢从一个毛头小子成为一个沉稳的铁路职工了。

  手电筒、电话、手套、手持电台、信号旗是张青云全部的工具,41年以来有十几年的时间都没有回家过年。“我们这个工作没有年节,排班制,赶上谁是谁。”张青云说,今年的除夕他能和家人一起度过了。

  而今,张青云还有一年多就退休了,他对这个工作充满了眷恋与不舍,“我这辈子就干了这一件事——扳道,真舍不得离开这里。”张青云说。(津云新闻记者董立景 戴涛)

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