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我国专家在病毒中发现朊病毒

2019-01-29 15:02:00    新华网

新华社西安1月29日电(记者 许祖华)西北农林科技大学生命科学学院分子病毒学课题组日前在《自然·通讯》杂志在线发表了题为《一个具有朊病毒特性的病毒表达因子》的论文,该课题组在病毒中发现朊病毒,这一发现或为阿尔兹海默症的防治带来曙光。

朊病毒是一类具有感染性的特殊蛋白,这种蛋白能将某种构象在同种蛋白甚至不同种蛋白间传递,最终导致所有蛋白都发生变构。

20世纪80年代,科学家们在研究传染性海绵状脑病时发现了朊病毒的存在。美国生化学家斯坦利·普鲁西纳因发现朊病毒获得了1997年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。

近40年来,科学家们陆续在动物、植物、真菌和细菌中都发现了朊病毒。但是,作为自然界中数量巨大、种类繁多、分布甚广的生命形式,病毒中是否存在朊病毒一直不为人所知。

受限于朊病毒的预测和鉴定手段,2016年以前,人们对朊病毒的认识局限于动物界和真菌界。2016年,麻省理工学院的研究者在《美国科学院院刊》上报道了第一个在植物中发现的朊病毒。2017年,哈佛大学的科学家们在《科学》杂志上报道了第一个在细菌中发现的朊病毒。

西北农林科技大学副教授许晓东课题组在研究杆状病毒表达因子LEF-10时偶然发现,该蛋白具有不同寻常的聚集行为,这种现象与朊病毒的聚集特征非常类似。通过实验,他们在LEF-10中鉴定出一段仅有23个氨基酸残基的朊病毒结构域,不同于所有已知朊病毒结构域。在病毒感染的昆虫细胞中,高表达的LEF-10可以从可溶态转变成聚集态,进而调控病毒的增殖。

许晓东介绍说,人们很早就发现疱疹病毒感染与阿尔兹海默症之间存在某种关联,倘若疱疹病毒也可以编码朊病毒,那就有可能在人体中诱导阿尔兹海默症,这或许为阿尔兹海默症的防治带来一线新的曙光。

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