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吴师孟:白手起家创办兵工厂 积劳成疾不忘支援前线

2019-01-29 11:32:00    新华网

新华社长沙1月29日电(记者周楠)在抗日战争时期,为了保证部队枪支弹药的供给,有一位英雄在艰苦条件下领导建立兵工厂,造枪造炮供应前线,最终积劳成疾病故。他就是时任新四军第二师军工部长吴师孟。

吴师孟,原名吴初生,1899年生于湖南省岳阳市平江县龙门乡高连村一个农民家庭。由于家里贫困,一直到15岁才读私塾。他勤奋学习,深得私塾先生喜欢,但由于父亲生病、家境再度陷入贫困,读了一年半私塾之后,不得不辍学。

1927年,吴师孟参加了由黄九区农会会长、共产党员吴钦民组织的农民自卫队,同年由吴钦民介绍加入了中国共产党。1928年2月,“湖南工农革命军平(江)湘(阴)岳(阳)游击总队”成立,吴师孟被编入五大队担任班长。3月,吴师孟自告奋勇担任敢死队队员,参加“三月扑城”的战斗。6月,“平湘岳游击总队”改编为“平江工农革命军游击司令部”,吴师孟在二营四连担任排长。

平江起义后,吴师孟被编入红5军第一纵队担任排长。1930年,红5军回师湘鄂赣边区,帮助重建平江革命武装,编入湘鄂赣独立师。不久,独立师改编为红16军,吴师孟任红16军会计科长,后又被提升为军经理处处长。任务虽然繁重,但他每个月都很好地完成账务工作,物资分发及时到位,多次受到军首长的表扬。

1933年4月,红16军在攻打万载株木桥时,吴师孟因掩护辎重物资转移,不幸负伤被俘。他忍受敌人的严刑拷打,后被组织营救出狱,在鄂赣边坚持游击战斗。

1938年1月,新四军军部在南昌成立,决定把湘鄂赣人民抗日游击队改编为国民革命军陆军新编第四军第一支队第一团,吴师孟担任该团军需主任,奉命举办军需训练班,一共办了6期,培养了一大批军需人才。1939年春,吴师孟任新四军第一支队军需主任。当时物资、经费异常缺乏,他精打细算,节流开源,保证了部队物资经费的正常供应。

1941年1月4日,新四军皖南部队9000多人行至泾县时,被国民党军队围困。连日紧张战斗后,部队所带干粮吃完,战士们两三天粒米未进。吴师孟主动请缨,带了几名战士突破敌人的重重封锁,每个人背了一大包牛肉回来,补充了战士们的体力。经过浴血战斗,吴师孟和极少数战友突破敌人的重重包围,到达江北抗日根据地。

皖南事变发生后不久,新四军第二师建立军工部,吴师孟调任军工部部长。9月,吴师孟率军工模范吴运铎等到达淮南,在高邮县金沟区平安乡(现属江苏省金湖县)白手起家,筹建兵工厂,由吴运铎任厂长。没有原料,他们就到乡下收集木炭、废铜烂铁、刮土硝等,没有厂房,他们就利用老百姓的房子,终于建立了一个拥有150多名工人的兵工厂,开始制造子弹、手榴弹、迫击炮弹。月产子弹2500发,手榴弹600枚,迫击炮弹66发,保证了部队枪支弹药的及时补充,有力地打击了日本侵略者。为此,吴师孟、吴运铎受到中央军委和军部的嘉奖。

由于多年辛劳奔波,吴师孟积劳成疾,得了严重的肺病,不幸于1942年8月在江苏淮阴地区盱眙县病故,终年43岁。新四军二师特地开追悼会,由新四军副军长张云逸致悼词,高度评价了吴师孟为抗日救国所做的巨大贡献。

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