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考古研究成果证实:唐代长沙窑彩瓷主流工艺是高温釉上彩而非釉下彩

2019-01-28 15:02:00    新华网

新华社长沙1月28日电(记者阮周围、明星)长沙窑是唐代南方重要的、规模甚大的青瓷窑场,长沙窑彩瓷在9世纪享誉海内外,是“海上丝绸之路”的重要参与者。早年的研究者认为长沙窑彩瓷以釉下彩工艺为主。近日,记者从湖南省文物考古研究所获悉,通过科学技术的检测,证实高温釉上彩是唐代长沙窑彩瓷的主流工艺,而釉下彩工艺目前还没有可靠的物证和科技支撑。

2016年3月至2017年4月,为配合长沙铜官窑国家考古遗址公园配套服务设施项目的建设,湖南省文物考古研究所在遗址公园南石渚片区进行了抢救性考古发掘,出土了一批画工精致的彩绘瓷器,部分器形和纹饰较以往罕见,引人瞩目。

为明确长沙窑彩瓷的工艺属性,湖南省文物考古研究所以此次石渚片区出土彩瓷标本为主,同时在长沙铜官窑遗址不同区域选取有代表性的彩瓷标本共100余件,又从中挑选出具有代表性的4件彩瓷片送至北京大学考古文博学院科技考古实验室。研究人员对其成分与显微结构进行深入全面的检测分析,发现这些彩瓷都属于高温釉上彩,与“长沙窑以釉下彩工艺为主”的主流认识相悖。

湖南省文物考古研究所副研究员张兴国介绍,本次观察到的长沙窑彩瓷标本都是先施釉再于釉上着彩、然后一次烧成的高温釉上彩瓷。不同于后世二次烧造的低温釉上彩,正因为是高温一次烧成,而釉层较薄,所以造成了“釉下彩”和“釉中彩”的错觉。

张兴国说:“本次检测中,釉上褐绿彩彩绘瓷标本的确认,让我们对这一类精细彩绘瓷的工艺流程有了新认知,进一步证实了釉上彩在长沙窑彩瓷工艺中的重要地位,及其与唐代北方陶瓷工艺的亲缘关系。”他表示,长沙窑釉上彩瓷与唐三彩、巩县窑白釉彩瓷、鲁山窑花釉瓷等色彩丰富的陶瓷名品关系密切,改变了唐代陶瓷业“南青北白”的单调格局。

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