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我国科学家成功破译南美白对虾基因组

2019-01-24 16:02:00    新华网

新华社青岛1月24日电(记者张旭东)中国科学院海洋研究所科研团队历时10年成功破译凡纳滨对虾(又称“南美白对虾”)基因组,并获得高质量的对虾基因组参考图谱,研究成果在《自然》杂志子刊《自然通讯》在线发表。

中国科学院海洋研究所研究员相建海介绍,对虾基因组是世界上公认的高复杂基因组,中国科学院海洋研究所科研团队尝试了从一代到三代的各种基因组测序平台及各种组装软件,最终完成了凡纳滨对虾的全基因组测序和组装,并获得了高质量的对虾基因组参考图谱。

通过分析发现,凡纳滨对虾共有约24亿个碱基对。以1-6碱基为单位多次重复的简单串联序列(SSR)占对虾基因组的23.93%以上,是目前已测基因组物种中含量最高的,这也是对虾基因组高复杂性的根本原因。

此外,科研人员在对虾基因组上发现了两大结构特征:大量的物种特异性基因和大量的串联重复基因,这可能与对虾科的特异性进化有密切联系。

中国科学院海洋研究所研究员李富花表示,对虾基因组的破译,为甲壳动物底栖适应和蜕皮等研究提供了重要理论基础和数据支撑,同时也为对虾基因组育种和分子改良工作提供了重要基础平台。

据了解,凡纳滨对虾作为四大养殖虾类之首,其全球年产量达416万吨,具有非常重要的经济价值。我国的凡纳滨对虾产量占全球的四分之一以上。由于种质资源匮乏,我国每年需从国外引进大量凡纳滨对虾苗种。

“凡纳滨对虾基因组的破译,将有力促进我国对虾分子育种和全基因组育种的发展,产生我国自主培育的凡纳滨对虾品种,推动我国种业发展。”李富花说。

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