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研究显示高膳食纤维摄入有助降低慢性病风险

2019-01-14 14:32:00    新华网

新华社伦敦1月13日电(记者张家伟)一个国际团队日前在期刊《柳叶刀》发表报告说,每天饮食中摄入较高水平膳食纤维的人与那些摄入较少这类物质的人相比,慢性病的发病风险更低。

这项研究由新西兰奥塔戈大学学者领衔的团队完成。他们对过去近40年里的185项前瞻性研究和58项临床试验进行了系统评估和荟萃分析。结果显示,每天摄入25克至29克或者更多的膳食纤维能显著降低患慢性病的风险。

团队发现,与摄入膳食纤维最低的人群相比,摄入量最高人群的冠心病、中风、2型糖尿病、大肠癌的发病率降低16%至24%;总死亡率也降低15%至30%。此外,他们对大量临床试验结果的荟萃分析显示,增加膳食纤维摄入与体重、胆固醇水平下降相关。

膳食纤维丰富的食物包括全谷类、豆类、蔬菜以及水果等。报告中说,全球范围内人们每天摄入的膳食纤维量往往都在20克以内,以美国为例,普通人每天的平均纤维摄入量仅15克。

报告通讯作者、新西兰奥塔戈大学教授吉姆·曼在一份声明中说,富含膳食纤维的食物需多咀嚼,进入肠道后也能保持大部分结构,这有助增加饱足感,更好控制体重,也有利于脂类和血糖保持在更好的水平;同时膳食纤维在大肠内被菌群分解后还能带来广泛效应,包括预防大肠癌。

研究人员同时也提醒那些体内铁元素水平较低的人,应适量摄入全谷类,因为大量摄入这类食物可能会进一步降低他们体内的铁元素水平。

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