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专家:服用奥司他韦要当心副作用

2018-12-31 17:32:00    新华网

新华社合肥12月31日电(记者鲍晓菁)入冬以来流感患者越来越多,世界范围内首款抗流感病毒药奥司他韦成为抢手“神药”。专家称,奥司他韦是治疗流感的首选药物,安全性好,但是其也有不良反应

临床研究中,其最常见的副作用是胃肠道反应,如恶心、呕吐、消化不良、腹痛等,发生率为 6%-15%,大多症状较轻,停药后即可消失;少数人可能发生过敏反应,表现为皮疹。此外还有个别病例称,有头晕、头痛、幻觉、行为异常、嗜睡、焦虑等症状,严重者可发展为抑郁甚至自杀。美国FDA曾告知公众称“达菲”(磷酸奥司他韦)可能会在患者,特别是儿童中引起精神错乱和幻觉等严重的副作用,并建议医生和父母们仔细阅读说明书,对服药后的患者也要进行密切观察。

“出现幻觉是小概率事件。奥司他韦是治疗流感非常有效的药物,但不可滥用,更不能超剂量使用。”中国科技大学第一附属医院药剂科主任沈爱宗说,是否服用奥司他韦一定要经过医生诊断,医生在开出处方后应告知患方注意观察不良反应,特别是儿童和青少年家长应密切关注孩子服药后是否产生异常行为。此外,有人患了普通的细菌性感冒也擅自服用奥司他韦,其实毫无作用。还有人超剂量服用,也是十分危险的。滥用奥司他韦不仅增加了药物不良反应发生的风险,还有可能导致流感病毒耐药。耐药后的流感病毒仍可继续传播,但再用奥司他韦治疗就无效了。

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