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研究确定昆虫与甲壳动物祖先——多节耳材村虫

2018-12-28 10:02:00    新华网

新华社昆明12月28日电(记者岳冉冉)中、英、美科学家通过显微CT技术,发现并确认了昆虫与甲壳动物的最早祖先为5.2亿年前的“多节耳材村虫”。该成果于北京时间28日凌晨在线发表在了国际期刊《当代生物学》上。

论文第一作者、云南大学云南省古生物研究重点实验室副研究员翟大有介绍,泛甲壳类动物是节肢动物中的繁盛族群,它由甲壳类与昆虫类组成,像蝴蝶、虾、蟹等属于泛甲壳动物。尽管学界认为,泛甲壳动物在距今5.2亿年前的寒武纪早期已经出现,但化石证据却十分稀少且缺乏关键鉴定特征。

直到来自我国云南澄江生物群的多节耳材村虫化石的出现。

多节耳材村虫是一种具有一对外壳和鱼尾状尾部的节肢动物,它被发现于上世纪九十年代。基于传统的光学显微镜等技术,学界对其认知仅局限于一些外部形态,由于外壳的遮盖和围岩的包埋,其附肢细节一直不为人知,因此其分类学和进化学归属一直悬疑。

由云南大学云南省古生物研究重点实验室、英国剑桥大学及美国麻省理工学院组成的科研团队,使用精度达到微米级别的X射线三维成像技术,透过厚厚的化石岩石,观察到了多节耳材村虫保存完好的20对附肢及身体形态细节,其中包括:一对特化为钩状的第二触角、为取食而特化为大颚和小颚的第三及第四对附肢、具有叶片状“上肢”的双分支型胸部附肢,及肛门结构等。

“在显微CT下,多节耳材村虫的第二触角、大颚和小颚、附肢髋节上着生的‘上肢’结构一览无遗,这些都是泛甲壳类动物的重要鉴定特征,”翟大有说,“这些特征足以把多节耳材村虫鉴定为泛甲壳类动物的远祖。”

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