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辽上京遗址发现人头祭祀坑

2018-12-24 16:32:00    新华网

新华社呼和浩特12月24日电(记者殷耀、勿日汗)记者从内蒙古自治区文物考古研究所2018年度考古成果发布会上了解到,考古人员在辽王朝第一座都城辽上京遗址发现两方祭祀坑,其中一方埋有14具头骨和骸骨,疑为殉人祭祀坑。

这两方祭祀坑位于辽上京遗址宫城西北部新发现的大型建筑群下。其中,东侧圆形祭祀坑深约3米,坑内中部埋一层切割、砍断的牛、马、羊等动物骨骼,坑底殉有14人个体,除5具完整尸体,其余为人头骨。部分尸骨上有砍凿痕迹,显示为暴力致死。这些尸骨,除了无法鉴定性别的婴幼儿外,其余均系女性。

另一方祭祀坑为西侧长方形祭祀坑,深约0.76米,葬3匹整马和骆驼蹄、牛头、狗头等动物骨骼,以及残缺的人头骨等。

考古人员排除了这两个坑作为墓葬的可能性。测年结果显示,大型建筑群和祭祀坑的年代有可能是辽末金初。在这一时期辽、金的考古发掘中,从未发现过都城宫城建筑基址下的祭祀坑,更不用说殉人坑。新发现的两方分别以马和人为主体的祭祀坑,填补了辽上京遗址考古的空白。

“这是一个具有重大学术意义的新现象。”考古领队董新林说,目前学者仅能推测它或许跟北方民族的习俗有关。

发现祭祀坑的大型建筑遗址是一座南向的长方形建筑,始建于金初,废弃于金代晚期。此建筑之下,没有发现辽代大型建筑基址,但发现有保存较好的辽代地面。建筑东西宽约66米、南北进深15米,目前尚不知这一大型建筑的用途。

契丹民族建立的辽朝是公元10到12世纪雄踞我国北方草原的游牧帝国,辽上京遗址是其建立的第一座都城。辽被金灭国后,辽上京宫城被废弃,从帝都变成了金的地方城市。辽上京考古发掘工作已开展12年。

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