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三北防护林对沙化土地减少的贡献率约为15%

2018-12-24 15:32:00    新华网

新华社北京12月24日电(记者于文静)三北工程建设40年来,我国防风固沙林面积增加154%,对沙化土地减少的贡献率约为15%,2000年后我国土地沙化呈现出整体遏制、重点治理区明显好转态势。

这是记者从国务院新闻办24日举行的《三北防护林体系建设40年综合评价报告》发布会上了解到的信息。

国家林业和草原局副局长刘东生在发布会上表示,40年来,三北工程累计完成造林保存面积3014.3万公顷,森林覆盖率由5.05%提高到13.57%,活立木蓄积量由7.2亿立方米提高到33.3亿立方米。

“我国沙漠化面积从2000年开始大幅度减少,原因一是三北防护林做了贡献,二是在三北防护林工程启动的昭示下,人民生态意识提升,并且国家还启动了其他一些生态工程。”沈阳应用生态研究所所长朱教君在发布会上说。

他介绍说,沙漠化形成最重要的一个因素是人为干扰,比如在三北地区生态脆弱区的滥砍、滥伐、滥牧等活动。对三北防护林体系建设40年的评估显示,三北工程对沙漠化减少的贡献率约为15%,主要是对减少轻度沙漠化起到作用。沙漠化防治主要受人为干扰和气候影响,三北地区人的生态意识提高对沙漠化防治作用巨大。

对于公众关心的京津冀地区沙尘暴问题,朱教君表示,沙尘暴的产生至少有两个重要条件,即大风和沙物质来源。根据统计,沙尘暴从1978年平均每年5.1天下降到2015年的0.1天,其中三北防护林通过地面覆盖,使沙物质源得到固定,对减少沙尘暴起了一定作用,更大的原因是大气候环境,全球变暖导致西伯利亚地区的草地、森林温度升高,气压差变小,形成大风的次数就减少。

“关于沙尘暴的防治,不仅是一个工程就能完成的,应该是全社会乃至全球大环境的问题。”朱教君说。

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