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血战湘江:红军长征中最惨烈之战

2018-12-20 16:32:01    新华网

新华社北京12月20日电 血战湘江:红军长征中最惨烈之战

新华社记者梅世雄

“死的人太多了,满江的血水。”尽管已经过去84年,但战况之惨烈仍清晰印刻在百岁红军刘惟治的脑海中。

老人记忆中最惨烈的战役,指的是红军长征中的血战湘江。

1934年11月下旬,始自赣南的长征已40多天了,连续突破三道封锁线的中央红军抵达广西境内全州、兴安一线的湘江边。

此时,蒋介石已调集40万大军在湘江两岸围追堵截。

11月25日,中革军委下达了强渡湘江的命令。11月27、28日,红1、红3军团各一部抢在国民党军之前赶到湘江,控制了湘江西岸界首至脚山铺一线的渡河点,架设起5座浮桥。

但是,中央军委纵队行军速度极为缓慢,80多公里足足用了4天时间。

“这不仅丧失了有利的渡河时机,而且使负责掩护渡江的红军各部队不得不与敌人展开激烈的争夺战,战况惨烈,牺牲惨重。”军事科学院军队政治工作研究院副院长马卫防说。

11月28日凌晨,国民党军向红军先头部队发起猛攻。

11月30日,坚守界首以南高地的红10团一天之内牺牲了两任团长,向江边运动的部队在敌机猛烈轰炸下成片倒下。刘惟治所在的红1军团1师1团,就是在这一天赶到湘江边增援的。

“我们连打了几天仗,又星夜赶来,没有时间构筑阵地便投入战斗。”时任红1团青年训练班战士的刘惟治说,“战至下午,阵地上的人几乎少了一半。”

12月1日,战斗进入最关键阶段,也是战斗最激烈的一天。红军12个师中,只有4个师和军委纵队渡过了湘江。西岸的8个师,随时面临被围歼的危险。

当天凌晨,中共中央在两个小时内连续发出两份急电,命令全力阻击进攻之敌,确保西进之路畅通。

这一天,红军广大指战员同国民党军展开激烈搏杀,鲜血染红了滔滔湘江水。

至12月1日17时,中央机关和红军主力大部渡过湘江。掩护主力的红5军团34师、红3军团18团则被阻断在了湘江西岸,大部分阵亡。29岁的34师师长陈树湘腹部中弹被俘后扯断自己的肠子,壮烈牺牲。

血战湘江之后,中央红军锐减到3万人。马卫防说,这是红军成立以来最为惨重的损失。这一严重失利,是“左”倾领导者实行退却中的逃跑主义所造成的严重恶果,是错误路线的失败。

马卫防说,中央红军第五次反“围剿”的失败,特别是湘江战役的严重失利,成为“左”倾冒险主义军事路线彻底破产的重要标志,为之后召开遵义会议并确立毛泽东在党中央和红军的领导地位,奠定了重要的干部和思想基础。

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