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寒潮来袭小儿腹泻频发 医生提醒切勿滥服抗生素

2018-12-08 16:01:04    新华网

新华社长春12月8日电(记者赵丹丹)随着寒潮来袭,冬季小儿腹泻又到高发期。记者近日在长春市多家医院了解到,因发热、呕吐、腹泻腹痛前去就医的婴幼儿大幅增多。医生提醒,冬季腹泻的发病原因多数为病毒感染,家长切勿擅自给患儿口服抗生素。

据长春市儿童医院消化科主任温凤介绍,自11月中旬以来,医院接诊的腹泻患儿较其他季节增加约三成。发病原因多数为病毒感染,一些肠道病毒例如诺如病毒、轮状病毒、杯状病毒、腺病毒等都是耐寒病毒,极易在冬季高发。

温凤介绍,如果婴幼儿感染比较轻,仅有腹泻现象而无发热呕吐症状,无多饮少尿等脱水症状,可多饮水,吃半流质食物,口服蒙脱石散,补充益生菌及口服补液盐,通常5至7天就可痊愈。如果婴幼儿高热不退,呕吐次数较多,出现精神萎靡不振、少言懒动、多饮少尿、不能进食或抽搐伴心肌损伤,那么应立即到医院进行输液及相应的对症治疗。温凤提醒家长,冬季以病毒感染性腹泻多见,发病48小时内,家长切勿擅自给患儿口服抗生素,应到医院明确病因后再行用药。防止发生因服用抗生素导致的肠道菌群失调,加重病情。

温凤表示,居家或上学的孩子,要注意饮食及饮食器具的卫生,避免食用生冷食物,避免暴饮暴食。如周围有人患有腹泻病,尽量远离排泄物,防止排泄物挥发后通过呼吸潜入体内而被感染。

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