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医疗卫生领域央地权责划分改革方案发布

2018-08-14 06:21:01    经济参考报

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近日,国务院办公厅印发《医疗卫生领域中央与地方财政事权和支出责任划分改革方案》(以下简称“方案”),明确从公共卫生、医疗保障、计划生育、能力建设四个方面划分医疗卫生领域中央与地方财政事权和支出责任。作为我国央地划分改革中的首个细分领域方案,该方案从2019年1月1日起实施。

具体而言,在公共卫生方面,基本公共卫生服务明确为中央与地方共同财政事权,由中央财政和地方财政共同承担支出责任。全国性或跨区域的重大传染病防控等重大公共卫生服务,上划为中央财政事权,由中央财政承担支出责任。

此外,医疗保障方面(主要包括城乡居民基本医疗保险补助和医疗救助),以及计划生育方面,明确为中央与地方共同财政事权,由中央财政和地方财政共同承担支出责任。

方案指出,以全国性或跨区域的公共卫生服务为重点,适度强化中央财政事权和支出责任。属于中央与地方共同财政事权的,由中央统一制定国家基础标准或提出原则要求。

推进路径上,方案明确,在保持现有财政事权和支出责任框架总体稳定的基础上,兼顾当前和长远,分类推进改革。对现行划分较为科学合理且行之有效的事项,予以确认;对现行划分不尽合理且改革条件成熟的事项,进行改革调整;对尚不具备改革条件的事项,暂时延续现行划分格局,并根据相关领域体制机制改革进展情况及时作相应调整。

业内指出,目前我国医疗卫生领域中央与地方财政事权和支出责任划分的体系框架初步形成,但也存在划分体系不够完整等情况;部分事项财政事权划分不明确、不科学;存在多种中央和地方分担比例,支出责任划分不尽合理;财政资金使用效益不高等问题。需要通过财政事权和支出责任划分改革加以解决。

中国社科院财经战略研究院副研究员蒋震对《经济参考报》记者表示,方案出台令人振奋,中央地方财政事权与支出责任的划分,是中央地方财政关系的核心内容,在医疗卫生领域破冰,对下一步在其他领域推进有重大示范意义。

蒋震指出,方案分四部分内容作了界定,明确了划分比例,还附加了划分情况表,一目了然,很具体也具有可操作性。此外,方案中提到的基本原则符合当前实际情况,例如提出适度强化中央财政事权和支出责任,在医疗卫生领域,中央大包大揽不行,全给地方也不行,构建中央地方相关联的合适的机制十分重要。下一步还要制定更加细化的职责清单,落实到位。

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